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Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination

In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the...

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Autores principales: Rupp, Shawn M., Webster, Timothy H., Olney, Kimberly C., Hutchins, Elizabeth D., Kusumi, Kenro, Wilson Sayres, Melissa A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5381669/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28206607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw263
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author Rupp, Shawn M.
Webster, Timothy H.
Olney, Kimberly C.
Hutchins, Elizabeth D.
Kusumi, Kenro
Wilson Sayres, Melissa A.
author_facet Rupp, Shawn M.
Webster, Timothy H.
Olney, Kimberly C.
Hutchins, Elizabeth D.
Kusumi, Kenro
Wilson Sayres, Melissa A.
author_sort Rupp, Shawn M.
collection PubMed
description In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared genome-wide levels of transcription between males and females, and between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis. We present evidence for dosage compensation between the sexes, and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. When dividing the X chromosome into regions based on linkage groups, we discovered that genes in the first reported X-linked region, anole linkage group b (LGb), exhibit complete dosage compensation, although the rest of the X-linked genes exhibit incomplete dosage compensation. Our data further suggest that the mechanism of this dosage compensation is upregulation of the X chromosome in males. We report that approximately 10% of coding genes, most of which are on the autosomes, are differentially expressed between males and females. In addition, genes on the X chromosome exhibited higher ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution than autosomal genes, consistent with the fast-X effect. Our results from the green anole add an additional observation of dosage compensation in a species with XX/XY sex determination.
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spelling pubmed-53816692017-04-10 Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination Rupp, Shawn M. Webster, Timothy H. Olney, Kimberly C. Hutchins, Elizabeth D. Kusumi, Kenro Wilson Sayres, Melissa A. Genome Biol Evol Letter In species with highly heteromorphic sex chromosomes, the degradation of one of the sex chromosomes will result in unequal gene expression between the sexes (e.g. between XX females and XY males) and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. Dosage compensation is a process whereby genes on the sex chromosomes achieve equal gene expression. We compared genome-wide levels of transcription between males and females, and between the X chromosome and the autosomes in the green anole, Anolis carolinensis. We present evidence for dosage compensation between the sexes, and between the sex chromosomes and the autosomes. When dividing the X chromosome into regions based on linkage groups, we discovered that genes in the first reported X-linked region, anole linkage group b (LGb), exhibit complete dosage compensation, although the rest of the X-linked genes exhibit incomplete dosage compensation. Our data further suggest that the mechanism of this dosage compensation is upregulation of the X chromosome in males. We report that approximately 10% of coding genes, most of which are on the autosomes, are differentially expressed between males and females. In addition, genes on the X chromosome exhibited higher ratios of nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution than autosomal genes, consistent with the fast-X effect. Our results from the green anole add an additional observation of dosage compensation in a species with XX/XY sex determination. Oxford University Press 2016-11-09 /pmc/articles/PMC5381669/ /pubmed/28206607 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw263 Text en © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com
spellingShingle Letter
Rupp, Shawn M.
Webster, Timothy H.
Olney, Kimberly C.
Hutchins, Elizabeth D.
Kusumi, Kenro
Wilson Sayres, Melissa A.
Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title_full Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title_fullStr Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title_full_unstemmed Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title_short Evolution of Dosage Compensation in Anolis carolinensis, a Reptile with XX/XY Chromosomal Sex Determination
title_sort evolution of dosage compensation in anolis carolinensis, a reptile with xx/xy chromosomal sex determination
topic Letter
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5381669/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28206607
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evw263
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