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The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract

The immune system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract manages the significant task of recognizing and eliminating pathogens while maintaining tolerance of commensal bacteria. Dysregulation of this delicate balance can be detrimental, resulting in severe inflammation, intestinal injury, and cancer. Th...

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Autores principales: Kotredes, Kevin P., Thomas, Brianna, Gamero, Ana M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00410
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author Kotredes, Kevin P.
Thomas, Brianna
Gamero, Ana M.
author_facet Kotredes, Kevin P.
Thomas, Brianna
Gamero, Ana M.
author_sort Kotredes, Kevin P.
collection PubMed
description The immune system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract manages the significant task of recognizing and eliminating pathogens while maintaining tolerance of commensal bacteria. Dysregulation of this delicate balance can be detrimental, resulting in severe inflammation, intestinal injury, and cancer. Therefore, mechanisms to relay important signals regulating cell growth and immune reactivity must be in place to support GI homeostasis. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a family of pleiotropic cytokines, which exert a wide range of biological effects including promotion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Using animal models of colitis, investigations into the regulation of intestinal epithelium inflammation highlight the role of IFN-I signaling during fine modulation of the immune system. The intestinal epithelium of the gut guides the immune system to differentiate between commensal and pathogenic microbiota, which relies on intimate links with the IFN-I signal-transduction pathway. The current paradigm depicts an IFN-I-induced antiproliferative state in the intestinal epithelium enabling cell differentiation, cell maturation, and proper intestinal barrier function, strongly supporting its role in maintaining baseline immune activity and clearance of damaged epithelia or pathogens. In this review, we will highlight the importance of IFN-I in intestinal homeostasis by discussing its function in inflammation, immunity, and cancer.
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spelling pubmed-53821592017-04-20 The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract Kotredes, Kevin P. Thomas, Brianna Gamero, Ana M. Front Immunol Immunology The immune system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract manages the significant task of recognizing and eliminating pathogens while maintaining tolerance of commensal bacteria. Dysregulation of this delicate balance can be detrimental, resulting in severe inflammation, intestinal injury, and cancer. Therefore, mechanisms to relay important signals regulating cell growth and immune reactivity must be in place to support GI homeostasis. Type I interferons (IFN-I) are a family of pleiotropic cytokines, which exert a wide range of biological effects including promotion of both pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. Using animal models of colitis, investigations into the regulation of intestinal epithelium inflammation highlight the role of IFN-I signaling during fine modulation of the immune system. The intestinal epithelium of the gut guides the immune system to differentiate between commensal and pathogenic microbiota, which relies on intimate links with the IFN-I signal-transduction pathway. The current paradigm depicts an IFN-I-induced antiproliferative state in the intestinal epithelium enabling cell differentiation, cell maturation, and proper intestinal barrier function, strongly supporting its role in maintaining baseline immune activity and clearance of damaged epithelia or pathogens. In this review, we will highlight the importance of IFN-I in intestinal homeostasis by discussing its function in inflammation, immunity, and cancer. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5382159/ /pubmed/28428788 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00410 Text en Copyright © 2017 Kotredes, Thomas and Gamero. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Kotredes, Kevin P.
Thomas, Brianna
Gamero, Ana M.
The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title_full The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title_fullStr The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title_full_unstemmed The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title_short The Protective Role of Type I Interferons in the Gastrointestinal Tract
title_sort protective role of type i interferons in the gastrointestinal tract
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382159/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428788
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00410
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