Resting-State Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Opioid Use Disorder during Abstinence: A Review

1. Brain connectivity strength in the reward system, dysregulation of circuits associated with emotion and stress, enhanced beta and alpha power activity, and high impulsivity are induced by OUD. 2. Some recovery signs in cognition are demonstrated in OUD subjects after prolonged abstinence, but not in the subjects undergoing methadone treatment. 3. Normalization in the composition of brain oscillations especially in the temporal region is induced and restored by methadone treatment in roughly 6 months in mean duration for OUDs having a mean opioid-use history of 10 years. We hope that the review provides valuable implications for clinical research and practice and paves a new insight into the future path to the identification of potential biomarkers and clinical outcome predictors in OUD in the domains of brain regions, functions, and behaviors.