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Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation
Pulmonary edema, a major complication of lung injury and inflammation, is defined as accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lungs leading to impaired diffusion of respiratory gases. Lung fluid balance across the alveolar epithelial barrier protects the distal airspace from excess fluid accumulat...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00393 |
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author | Weidenfeld, Sarah Kuebler, Wolfgang M. |
author_facet | Weidenfeld, Sarah Kuebler, Wolfgang M. |
author_sort | Weidenfeld, Sarah |
collection | PubMed |
description | Pulmonary edema, a major complication of lung injury and inflammation, is defined as accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lungs leading to impaired diffusion of respiratory gases. Lung fluid balance across the alveolar epithelial barrier protects the distal airspace from excess fluid accumulation and is mainly regulated by active sodium transport and Cl(−) absorption. Increased hydrostatic pressure as seen in cardiogenic edema or increased vascular permeability as present in inflammatory lung diseases such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes a reversal of transepithelial fluid transport resulting in the formation of pulmonary edema. The basolateral expressed Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(−) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and the apical Cl(−) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are considered to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema and have also been implicated in the inflammatory response in ARDS. Expression and function of both NKCC1 and CFTR can be modulated by released cytokines; however, the relevance of this modulation in the context of ARDS and pulmonary edema is so far unclear. Here, we review the existing literature on the regulation of NKCC1 and CFTR by cytokines, and—based on the known involvement of NKCC1 and CFTR in lung edema and inflammation—speculate on the role of cytokine-dependent NKCC1/CFTR regulation for the pathogenesis and potential treatment of pulmonary inflammation and edema formation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5383711 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53837112017-04-24 Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation Weidenfeld, Sarah Kuebler, Wolfgang M. Front Immunol Immunology Pulmonary edema, a major complication of lung injury and inflammation, is defined as accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lungs leading to impaired diffusion of respiratory gases. Lung fluid balance across the alveolar epithelial barrier protects the distal airspace from excess fluid accumulation and is mainly regulated by active sodium transport and Cl(−) absorption. Increased hydrostatic pressure as seen in cardiogenic edema or increased vascular permeability as present in inflammatory lung diseases such as the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) causes a reversal of transepithelial fluid transport resulting in the formation of pulmonary edema. The basolateral expressed Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(−) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and the apical Cl(−) channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are considered to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary edema and have also been implicated in the inflammatory response in ARDS. Expression and function of both NKCC1 and CFTR can be modulated by released cytokines; however, the relevance of this modulation in the context of ARDS and pulmonary edema is so far unclear. Here, we review the existing literature on the regulation of NKCC1 and CFTR by cytokines, and—based on the known involvement of NKCC1 and CFTR in lung edema and inflammation—speculate on the role of cytokine-dependent NKCC1/CFTR regulation for the pathogenesis and potential treatment of pulmonary inflammation and edema formation. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5383711/ /pubmed/28439270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00393 Text en Copyright © 2017 Weidenfeld and Kuebler. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Weidenfeld, Sarah Kuebler, Wolfgang M. Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title | Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title_full | Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title_fullStr | Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title_full_unstemmed | Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title_short | Cytokine-Regulation of Na(+)-K(+)-Cl(−) Cotransporter 1 and Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator—Potential Role in Pulmonary Inflammation and Edema Formation |
title_sort | cytokine-regulation of na(+)-k(+)-cl(−) cotransporter 1 and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator—potential role in pulmonary inflammation and edema formation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383711/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28439270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00393 |
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