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The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut
The impact of hunting (selective harvest, trophy hunting) on the demography of mammals is well documented. However, despite continual year-round hunting of bison in some populations, little is known about how the behavior of survivors may be altered. Therefore, in this initial study, we used focal-a...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396826 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3153 |
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author | Sarno, Ronald J. Grigione, Melissa M. Higa, Alessandra Childers, Eddie Ecoffey, Trudy |
author_facet | Sarno, Ronald J. Grigione, Melissa M. Higa, Alessandra Childers, Eddie Ecoffey, Trudy |
author_sort | Sarno, Ronald J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The impact of hunting (selective harvest, trophy hunting) on the demography of mammals is well documented. However, despite continual year-round hunting of bison in some populations, little is known about how the behavior of survivors may be altered. Therefore, in this initial study, we used focal-animal observations in adjacent populations of continually hunted and protected Plains bison (Bison bison bison) in western South Dakota, to examine the potential impact of hunting on bellowing rate—an important behavior that serves to intimidate rival bulls and potentially influences mate choice by females. In addition to hunting, we investigated how the number of attendant males, number of adult females, group size, and number of days from the start of rut influenced bellowing rate. Bulls bellowed an order of magnitude more often in the protected population than in the hunted populations, whereas bellowing rate was not significantly different in the hunted populations. Hunting was significantly and negatively associated with bellowing rate, while all other predictors were found to be positively associated with bellowing rate. Furthermore, the impact of hunting on bellowing rate became more pronounced (i.e., dampened bellowing rate more strongly) as the number of attendant males increased. Changes in bellowing behavior of bulls (and possibly mate choice by cows) can alter breeding opportunities. Therefore, our data suggest the need for studies with broader-scale geographical and temporal replication to determine the extent that continual year-round hunting has on bellowing rate of bison during the rut. If reduced bellowing is associated with human hunting on a larger scale, then wildlife managers may need to adjust hunting rate and duration, timing (season), and the time lag between hunting events in order to insure that bison are able to express their full repertoire of natural mating behaviors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5385126 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53851262017-04-10 The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut Sarno, Ronald J. Grigione, Melissa M. Higa, Alessandra Childers, Eddie Ecoffey, Trudy PeerJ Animal Behavior The impact of hunting (selective harvest, trophy hunting) on the demography of mammals is well documented. However, despite continual year-round hunting of bison in some populations, little is known about how the behavior of survivors may be altered. Therefore, in this initial study, we used focal-animal observations in adjacent populations of continually hunted and protected Plains bison (Bison bison bison) in western South Dakota, to examine the potential impact of hunting on bellowing rate—an important behavior that serves to intimidate rival bulls and potentially influences mate choice by females. In addition to hunting, we investigated how the number of attendant males, number of adult females, group size, and number of days from the start of rut influenced bellowing rate. Bulls bellowed an order of magnitude more often in the protected population than in the hunted populations, whereas bellowing rate was not significantly different in the hunted populations. Hunting was significantly and negatively associated with bellowing rate, while all other predictors were found to be positively associated with bellowing rate. Furthermore, the impact of hunting on bellowing rate became more pronounced (i.e., dampened bellowing rate more strongly) as the number of attendant males increased. Changes in bellowing behavior of bulls (and possibly mate choice by cows) can alter breeding opportunities. Therefore, our data suggest the need for studies with broader-scale geographical and temporal replication to determine the extent that continual year-round hunting has on bellowing rate of bison during the rut. If reduced bellowing is associated with human hunting on a larger scale, then wildlife managers may need to adjust hunting rate and duration, timing (season), and the time lag between hunting events in order to insure that bison are able to express their full repertoire of natural mating behaviors. PeerJ Inc. 2017-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC5385126/ /pubmed/28396826 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3153 Text en ©2017 Sarno et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Animal Behavior Sarno, Ronald J. Grigione, Melissa M. Higa, Alessandra Childers, Eddie Ecoffey, Trudy The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title | The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title_full | The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title_fullStr | The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title_full_unstemmed | The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title_short | The association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
title_sort | association between continual, year-round hunting and bellowing rate of bison bulls during the rut |
topic | Animal Behavior |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5385126/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28396826 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3153 |
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