Spontaneous Regression of Inflammatory Pseudotumor in the Cauda Equina: A Case Report

Spinal intradural extramedullary inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is an extremely rare entity. Spontaneous shrinking of a spinal IPT has never been reported. A case of an IPT of the cauda equina that regressed spontaneously is presented. A 78-year-old woman presented with hypoesthesia of both lower legs in the L4 nerve root distribution and motor weakness of the right leg. Preoperative CT myelography and MRI showed two tumor-like lesions located at T12-L1 and L2-3. The lesion at the T12-L1 level appeared to encase several nerve roots. The preoperative diagnosis was ependymoma, schwannoma, or malignant lymphoma. The tumors were biopsied. In the operation, the lesion turned out to consist of swollen and adherent nerve roots. On histopathological examination of the biopsied nerve roots, they were diagnosed as IPT. The patient’s symptoms improved gradually without any treatment after the operation. The IPTs regressed on the postoperative MR images and disappeared at one year. This is the first report of spontaneous regression of an IPT in the spinal region. IPT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a tumor that appears to involve several nerve roots on preoperative imaging, but surgery is necessary for diagnosis. Complete resection is not absolutely required if an intraoperative pathological diagnosis of the frozen section reveals IPT.