Modeling adsorption of brominated, chlorinated and mixed bromo/chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins on C(60) fullerene using Nano-QSPR

Many technological implementations in the field of nanotechnology have involved carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes such as the buckminsterfullerene, C(60). The unprecedented properties of such organic nanomaterials (in particular their large surface area) gained extensive attention for their potential use as organic pollutant sorbents. Sorption interactions can be very hazardous and useful at the same time. This work investigates the influence of halogenation by bromine and/or chlorine in dibenzo-p-dioxins on their sorption ability on the C(60) fullerene surface. Halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PXDDs, where X = Br or Cl) are ever-present in the environment and accidently produced in many technological processes in only approximately known quantities. If all combinatorial Br and/or Cl dioxin substitution possibilities are present in the environment, the experimental characterization and investigation of sorbent effectiveness is more than difficult. In this work, we have developed a quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model (R(2) = 0.998), predicting the adsorption energy [kcal/mol] for 1,701 PXDDs adsorbed on C(60) (PXDD@C(60)). Based on the QSPR model reported herein, we concluded that the lowest energy PXDD@C(60) complexes are those that the World Health Organization (WHO) considers to be less dangerous with respect to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) toxicity mechanism. Therefore, the effectiveness of fullerenes as sorbent agents may be underestimated as sorption could be less effective for toxic congeners than previously believed.