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Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies

Most people develop acute hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis that is controlled by both humoral and cellular immune responses following acute infection. However, a number of individuals in HBV-endemic areas fail to resolve the infection and consequently become chronic carriers. While a vaccin...

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Autores principales: Sandhu, Praneet, Haque, Mohammad, Humphries-Bickley, Tessa, Ravi, Swetha, Song, Jianxun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28450868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00436
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author Sandhu, Praneet
Haque, Mohammad
Humphries-Bickley, Tessa
Ravi, Swetha
Song, Jianxun
author_facet Sandhu, Praneet
Haque, Mohammad
Humphries-Bickley, Tessa
Ravi, Swetha
Song, Jianxun
author_sort Sandhu, Praneet
collection PubMed
description Most people develop acute hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis that is controlled by both humoral and cellular immune responses following acute infection. However, a number of individuals in HBV-endemic areas fail to resolve the infection and consequently become chronic carriers. While a vaccine is available and new antiviral drugs are being developed, elimination of persistently infected cells is still a major issue. Standard treatment in HBV infection includes IFN-α, nucleoside, or nucleotide analogs, which has direct antiviral activity and immune modulatory capacities. However, immunological control of the virus is often not durable. A robust T-cell response is associated with control of HBV infection and liver damage; however, HBV-specific T cells are deleted, dysfunctional, or become exhausted in chronic hepatitis patients. As a result, efforts to restore virus-specific T-cell immunity in chronic HBV patients using antiviral therapy, immunomodulatory cytokines, or therapeutic vaccination have had little success. Adoptive cell transfer of T cells with specificity for HBV antigen(+) cells represents an approach aiming to ultimately eliminate residual hepatocytes carrying HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Here, we discuss recent findings describing HBV immunopathology, model systems, and current therapies.
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spelling pubmed-53901102017-04-27 Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies Sandhu, Praneet Haque, Mohammad Humphries-Bickley, Tessa Ravi, Swetha Song, Jianxun Front Immunol Immunology Most people develop acute hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatitis that is controlled by both humoral and cellular immune responses following acute infection. However, a number of individuals in HBV-endemic areas fail to resolve the infection and consequently become chronic carriers. While a vaccine is available and new antiviral drugs are being developed, elimination of persistently infected cells is still a major issue. Standard treatment in HBV infection includes IFN-α, nucleoside, or nucleotide analogs, which has direct antiviral activity and immune modulatory capacities. However, immunological control of the virus is often not durable. A robust T-cell response is associated with control of HBV infection and liver damage; however, HBV-specific T cells are deleted, dysfunctional, or become exhausted in chronic hepatitis patients. As a result, efforts to restore virus-specific T-cell immunity in chronic HBV patients using antiviral therapy, immunomodulatory cytokines, or therapeutic vaccination have had little success. Adoptive cell transfer of T cells with specificity for HBV antigen(+) cells represents an approach aiming to ultimately eliminate residual hepatocytes carrying HBV covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA). Here, we discuss recent findings describing HBV immunopathology, model systems, and current therapies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5390110/ /pubmed/28450868 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00436 Text en Copyright © 2017 Sandhu, Haque, Humphries-Bickley, Ravi and Song. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Sandhu, Praneet
Haque, Mohammad
Humphries-Bickley, Tessa
Ravi, Swetha
Song, Jianxun
Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title_full Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title_fullStr Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title_full_unstemmed Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title_short Hepatitis B Virus Immunopathology, Model Systems, and Current Therapies
title_sort hepatitis b virus immunopathology, model systems, and current therapies
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5390110/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28450868
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00436
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