Characterizing the anti-inflammatory and tissue protective actions of a novel Annexin A1 peptide

Inflammation in now appreciated to be at the centre of may diseases that affect Western civilization. Current therapeutics for managing these conditions may interfere with the host response leading to immune suppression. We recently developed an annexin (Anx) A1-derived peptide, coined CR-AnxA1(2-50), which displays potent pro-resolving and tissue protective actions. Herein, we designed a novel peptide using CR-AnxA1(2-50) as a template that was significantly more resistant to neutrophil-mediated degradation. This peptide, termed CR-AnxA1(2-48), retained high affinity and specificity to the pro-resolving Lipoxin A(4) receptor (ALX) with an IC(50) of ~20nM. CR-AnxA1(2-48) dose dependently (100fM-10nM) promoted the efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, an action that was mediated by the murine orthologue of human ALX. The neutrophil-directed actions were also retained with human primary cells were CR-AnxA1(2-48) reduced human neutrophil recruitment to activated endothelial cells at concentrations as low as 100 pM. This protective action was mediated by human ALX, since incubation of neutrophils with an anti-ALX antibody reversed this anti-inflammatory actions of CR-AnxA1(2-48). Administration of this peptide to mice during dermal inflammation led to a significant and dose dependent decrease in neutrophil recruitment. This reduction in neutrophil numbers was more pronounced than that displayed by the parent peptide CR-AnxA1(2-50). CR-AnxA1(2-48) was also cardioprotecitve reducing infarct size and systemic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 concentration following ischemia reperfusion injury. These findings identify CR-AnxA1(2-48) as a new ALX agonist that regulates phagocyte responses and displays tissue-protective actions.