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Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures
We employ a novel paradigm to test whether six basic emotions (sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and happiness; Ekman, 1992) contain both negativity and positivity, as opposed to consisting of a single continuum between negative and positive. We examined the perceived negativity and positivit...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5397534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28473791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00610 |
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author | An, Sieun Ji, Li-Jun Marks, Michael Zhang, Zhiyong |
author_facet | An, Sieun Ji, Li-Jun Marks, Michael Zhang, Zhiyong |
author_sort | An, Sieun |
collection | PubMed |
description | We employ a novel paradigm to test whether six basic emotions (sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and happiness; Ekman, 1992) contain both negativity and positivity, as opposed to consisting of a single continuum between negative and positive. We examined the perceived negativity and positivity of these emotions in terms of their affective and cognitive components among Korean, Chinese, Canadian, and American students. Assessing each emotion at the cognitive and affective levels cross-culturally provides a fairly comprehensive picture of the positivity and negativity of emotions. Affective components were rated as more divergent than cognitive components. Cross-culturally, Americans and Canadians gave higher valence ratings to the salient valence of each emotion, and lower ratings to the non-salient valence of an emotion, compared to Chinese and Koreans. The results suggest that emotions encompass both positivity and negativity, and there were cross-cultural differences in reported emotions. This paradigm complements existing emotion theories, building on past research and allowing for more parsimonious explanations of cross-cultural research on emotion. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5397534 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-53975342017-05-04 Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures An, Sieun Ji, Li-Jun Marks, Michael Zhang, Zhiyong Front Psychol Psychology We employ a novel paradigm to test whether six basic emotions (sadness, fear, disgust, anger, surprise, and happiness; Ekman, 1992) contain both negativity and positivity, as opposed to consisting of a single continuum between negative and positive. We examined the perceived negativity and positivity of these emotions in terms of their affective and cognitive components among Korean, Chinese, Canadian, and American students. Assessing each emotion at the cognitive and affective levels cross-culturally provides a fairly comprehensive picture of the positivity and negativity of emotions. Affective components were rated as more divergent than cognitive components. Cross-culturally, Americans and Canadians gave higher valence ratings to the salient valence of each emotion, and lower ratings to the non-salient valence of an emotion, compared to Chinese and Koreans. The results suggest that emotions encompass both positivity and negativity, and there were cross-cultural differences in reported emotions. This paradigm complements existing emotion theories, building on past research and allowing for more parsimonious explanations of cross-cultural research on emotion. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC5397534/ /pubmed/28473791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00610 Text en Copyright © 2017 An, Ji, Marks and Zhang. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology An, Sieun Ji, Li-Jun Marks, Michael Zhang, Zhiyong Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title | Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title_full | Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title_fullStr | Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title_full_unstemmed | Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title_short | Two Sides of Emotion: Exploring Positivity and Negativity in Six Basic Emotions across Cultures |
title_sort | two sides of emotion: exploring positivity and negativity in six basic emotions across cultures |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5397534/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28473791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00610 |
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