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Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis

Elemental homeostasis has been largely characterized using three important elements that were part of the Redfield ratio (i.e., carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus). These efforts have revealed substantial diversity in homeostasis among taxonomic groups and even within populations. Understanding the evolut...

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Autores principales: Jeyasingh, Punidan D., Goos, Jared M., Thompson, Seth K., Godwin, Casey M., Cotner, James B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5403914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487686
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00722
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author Jeyasingh, Punidan D.
Goos, Jared M.
Thompson, Seth K.
Godwin, Casey M.
Cotner, James B.
author_facet Jeyasingh, Punidan D.
Goos, Jared M.
Thompson, Seth K.
Godwin, Casey M.
Cotner, James B.
author_sort Jeyasingh, Punidan D.
collection PubMed
description Elemental homeostasis has been largely characterized using three important elements that were part of the Redfield ratio (i.e., carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus). These efforts have revealed substantial diversity in homeostasis among taxonomic groups and even within populations. Understanding the evolutionary basis, and ecological consequences of such diversity is a central challenge. Here, we propose that a more complete understanding of homeostasis necessitates the consideration of other elements beyond C, N, and P. Specifically, we posit that physiological complexity underlying maintenance of elemental homeostasis along a single elemental axis impacts processing of other elements, thus altering elemental homeostasis along other axes. Indeed, transcriptomic studies in a wide variety of organisms have found that individuals differentially express significant proportions of the genome in response to variability in supply stoichiometry in order to maintain varying levels of homeostasis. We review the literature from the emergent field of ionomics that has established the consequences of such physiological trade-offs on the content of the entire suite of elements in an individual. Further, we present experimental data on bacteria exhibiting divergent phosphorus homeostasis phenotypes demonstrating the fundamental interconnectedness among elemental quotas. These observations suggest that physiological adjustments can lead to unexpected patterns in biomass stoichiometry, such as correlated changes among suites of non-limiting microelements in response to limitation by macroelements. Including the entire suite of elements that comprise biomass will foster improved quantitative understanding of the links between chemical cycles and the physiology of organisms.
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spelling pubmed-54039142017-05-09 Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis Jeyasingh, Punidan D. Goos, Jared M. Thompson, Seth K. Godwin, Casey M. Cotner, James B. Front Microbiol Microbiology Elemental homeostasis has been largely characterized using three important elements that were part of the Redfield ratio (i.e., carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus). These efforts have revealed substantial diversity in homeostasis among taxonomic groups and even within populations. Understanding the evolutionary basis, and ecological consequences of such diversity is a central challenge. Here, we propose that a more complete understanding of homeostasis necessitates the consideration of other elements beyond C, N, and P. Specifically, we posit that physiological complexity underlying maintenance of elemental homeostasis along a single elemental axis impacts processing of other elements, thus altering elemental homeostasis along other axes. Indeed, transcriptomic studies in a wide variety of organisms have found that individuals differentially express significant proportions of the genome in response to variability in supply stoichiometry in order to maintain varying levels of homeostasis. We review the literature from the emergent field of ionomics that has established the consequences of such physiological trade-offs on the content of the entire suite of elements in an individual. Further, we present experimental data on bacteria exhibiting divergent phosphorus homeostasis phenotypes demonstrating the fundamental interconnectedness among elemental quotas. These observations suggest that physiological adjustments can lead to unexpected patterns in biomass stoichiometry, such as correlated changes among suites of non-limiting microelements in response to limitation by macroelements. Including the entire suite of elements that comprise biomass will foster improved quantitative understanding of the links between chemical cycles and the physiology of organisms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-25 /pmc/articles/PMC5403914/ /pubmed/28487686 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00722 Text en Copyright © 2017 Jeyasingh, Goos, Thompson, Godwin and Cotner. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Jeyasingh, Punidan D.
Goos, Jared M.
Thompson, Seth K.
Godwin, Casey M.
Cotner, James B.
Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title_full Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title_fullStr Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title_full_unstemmed Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title_short Ecological Stoichiometry beyond Redfield: An Ionomic Perspective on Elemental Homeostasis
title_sort ecological stoichiometry beyond redfield: an ionomic perspective on elemental homeostasis
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5403914/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28487686
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00722
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