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Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs
BACKGROUND: Taenia solium, a parasite that affects humans and pigs, is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Geographic hotspots of pigs testing positive for serologic markers of T. solium exposure have been observed surrounding the locations of human tapeworm carriers....
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5404875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28406898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005536 |
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author | Pray, Ian W. Ayvar, Viterbo Gamboa, Ricardo Muro, Claudio Moyano, Luz M. Benavides, Victor Flecker, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. O’Neal, Seth E. |
author_facet | Pray, Ian W. Ayvar, Viterbo Gamboa, Ricardo Muro, Claudio Moyano, Luz M. Benavides, Victor Flecker, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. O’Neal, Seth E. |
author_sort | Pray, Ian W. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Taenia solium, a parasite that affects humans and pigs, is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Geographic hotspots of pigs testing positive for serologic markers of T. solium exposure have been observed surrounding the locations of human tapeworm carriers. This clustered pattern of seropositivity in endemic areas formed the basis for geographically targeted control interventions, which have been effective at reducing transmission. In this study, we further explore the spatial relationship between human tapeworm carriers and infected pigs using necroscopic examination as a quantitative gold-standard diagnostic to detect viable T. solium cyst infection in pigs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed necroscopic examinations on pigs from 7 villages in northern Peru to determine the number of viable T. solium cysts in each pig. Participating humans in the study villages were tested for T. solium tapeworm infection (i.e., taeniasis) with an ELISA coproantigen assay, and the distances from each pig to its nearest human tapeworm carrier were calculated. We assessed the relationship between proximity to a tapeworm carrier and the prevalence of light, moderate, and heavy cyst burden in pigs. The prevalence of pig infection was greatest within 50 meters of a tapeworm carrier and decreased monotonically as distance increased. Pigs living less than 50 meters from a human tapeworm carrier were 4.6 times more likely to be infected with at least one cyst than more distant pigs. Heavier cyst burdens, however, were not more strongly associated with proximity to tapeworm carriers than light cyst burdens. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study shows that human tapeworm carriers and pigs with viable T. solium cyst infection are geographically correlated in endemic areas. This finding supports control strategies that treat humans and pigs based on their proximity to other infected individuals. We did not, however, find sufficient evidence that heavier cyst burdens in pigs would serve as improved targets for geographically focused control interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5404875 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54048752017-05-14 Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs Pray, Ian W. Ayvar, Viterbo Gamboa, Ricardo Muro, Claudio Moyano, Luz M. Benavides, Victor Flecker, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. O’Neal, Seth E. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Taenia solium, a parasite that affects humans and pigs, is the leading cause of preventable epilepsy in the developing world. Geographic hotspots of pigs testing positive for serologic markers of T. solium exposure have been observed surrounding the locations of human tapeworm carriers. This clustered pattern of seropositivity in endemic areas formed the basis for geographically targeted control interventions, which have been effective at reducing transmission. In this study, we further explore the spatial relationship between human tapeworm carriers and infected pigs using necroscopic examination as a quantitative gold-standard diagnostic to detect viable T. solium cyst infection in pigs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We performed necroscopic examinations on pigs from 7 villages in northern Peru to determine the number of viable T. solium cysts in each pig. Participating humans in the study villages were tested for T. solium tapeworm infection (i.e., taeniasis) with an ELISA coproantigen assay, and the distances from each pig to its nearest human tapeworm carrier were calculated. We assessed the relationship between proximity to a tapeworm carrier and the prevalence of light, moderate, and heavy cyst burden in pigs. The prevalence of pig infection was greatest within 50 meters of a tapeworm carrier and decreased monotonically as distance increased. Pigs living less than 50 meters from a human tapeworm carrier were 4.6 times more likely to be infected with at least one cyst than more distant pigs. Heavier cyst burdens, however, were not more strongly associated with proximity to tapeworm carriers than light cyst burdens. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our study shows that human tapeworm carriers and pigs with viable T. solium cyst infection are geographically correlated in endemic areas. This finding supports control strategies that treat humans and pigs based on their proximity to other infected individuals. We did not, however, find sufficient evidence that heavier cyst burdens in pigs would serve as improved targets for geographically focused control interventions. Public Library of Science 2017-04-13 /pmc/articles/PMC5404875/ /pubmed/28406898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005536 Text en © 2017 Pray et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Pray, Ian W. Ayvar, Viterbo Gamboa, Ricardo Muro, Claudio Moyano, Luz M. Benavides, Victor Flecker, Robert H. Garcia, Hector H. O’Neal, Seth E. Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title | Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title_full | Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title_fullStr | Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title_short | Spatial relationship between Taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
title_sort | spatial relationship between taenia solium tapeworm carriers and necropsy cyst burden in pigs |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5404875/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28406898 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0005536 |
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