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Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
BACKGROUND: To date, anti-obesity agents based on natural products are tested for their potential using lipase inhibition assay through the interference of hydrolysis of fat by lipase resulting in reduced fat absorption without altering the central mechanisms. Previous screening study had indicated...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28479718 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.203986 |
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author | Ong, Siew Ling Nalamolu, Koteswara Rao Lai, How Yee |
author_facet | Ong, Siew Ling Nalamolu, Koteswara Rao Lai, How Yee |
author_sort | Ong, Siew Ling |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: To date, anti-obesity agents based on natural products are tested for their potential using lipase inhibition assay through the interference of hydrolysis of fat by lipase resulting in reduced fat absorption without altering the central mechanisms. Previous screening study had indicated strong anti-obesity potential in Eleusine indica (E. indica), but to date, no pharmacologic studies have been reported so far. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of E. indica using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS: The crude methanolic extract of E. indica was fractionated using hexane (H-Ei), dichloromethane (DCM-Ei), ethyl acetate (EA-Ei), butanol (B-Ei), and water (W-Ei). All the extracts were tested for antilipase activity using porcine pancreatic lipase. Because H-Ei showed the highest inhibition, it was further subjected to chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, oral toxicity analysis of H-Ei was performed [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines using fixed dose procedure (No. 420)]; efficacy analysis was performed using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic female Sprague–Dawley rats. RESULTS: According to the toxicity and efficacy analyses, H-Ei did not demonstrate any noticeable biochemical toxicity or physiologic abnormalities and did not cause any tissue damage as per histologic analysis. Furthermore, H-Ei significantly reduced body weight and improved serum profile and did not show hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity based on the serum profile. Moreover, H-Ei alleviated HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and ameliorated induced adiposity in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that H-Ei effectively improved hyperlipidemia. Further studies to explore its possibility as an alternative pharmacologic agent to treat obesity are warranted. SUMMARY: Hexane extract of Eleusine indica (H-Ei) showed strong potential in the inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase (27.01 ± 5.68%). The acute oral toxicity of E. indica hexane extract on animal model falls into Globally Harmonized System Category 5 (low hazard), since mortality, clinical toxicity symptoms, gross pathologic, or histopathologic damage was not observed. The hexane extract of E. indica had significantly reduced the body weight and improved serum lipid profile, with reduction in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and elevation in high-density lipoprotein when comparing against the high-fat diet control group. Microscopic evaluation on histologic slides of liver and adipose tissues suggested that E. indica hexane extract had greatly improved liver steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy in high-fat diet control group. Abbreviation used: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; B-Ei: Butanol extract of E. indica; DCM-Ei: Dichloromethane extract of E. indica; EA-Ei: Ethyl acetate extract of E. indica; GHS: Globally Harmonized System; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; H-Ei: Hexane extract of E. indica; HFD: High-fat diet; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NFD: Normal fed diet; PPL: Porcine pancreatic lipase; SEM: Standard error of mean; SD: Standard deviation; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; W-Ei: Water extract of E. indica. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5407099 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54070992017-05-05 Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats Ong, Siew Ling Nalamolu, Koteswara Rao Lai, How Yee Pharmacogn Mag Original Article BACKGROUND: To date, anti-obesity agents based on natural products are tested for their potential using lipase inhibition assay through the interference of hydrolysis of fat by lipase resulting in reduced fat absorption without altering the central mechanisms. Previous screening study had indicated strong anti-obesity potential in Eleusine indica (E. indica), but to date, no pharmacologic studies have been reported so far. OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to investigate the lipid-lowering effects of E. indica using both in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS: The crude methanolic extract of E. indica was fractionated using hexane (H-Ei), dichloromethane (DCM-Ei), ethyl acetate (EA-Ei), butanol (B-Ei), and water (W-Ei). All the extracts were tested for antilipase activity using porcine pancreatic lipase. Because H-Ei showed the highest inhibition, it was further subjected to chemical profiling using high-performance liquid chromatography. Subsequently, oral toxicity analysis of H-Ei was performed [Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines using fixed dose procedure (No. 420)]; efficacy analysis was performed using high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hyperlipidemic female Sprague–Dawley rats. RESULTS: According to the toxicity and efficacy analyses, H-Ei did not demonstrate any noticeable biochemical toxicity or physiologic abnormalities and did not cause any tissue damage as per histologic analysis. Furthermore, H-Ei significantly reduced body weight and improved serum profile and did not show hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity based on the serum profile. Moreover, H-Ei alleviated HFD-induced hepatosteatosis and ameliorated induced adiposity in both visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that H-Ei effectively improved hyperlipidemia. Further studies to explore its possibility as an alternative pharmacologic agent to treat obesity are warranted. SUMMARY: Hexane extract of Eleusine indica (H-Ei) showed strong potential in the inhibition of porcine pancreatic lipase (27.01 ± 5.68%). The acute oral toxicity of E. indica hexane extract on animal model falls into Globally Harmonized System Category 5 (low hazard), since mortality, clinical toxicity symptoms, gross pathologic, or histopathologic damage was not observed. The hexane extract of E. indica had significantly reduced the body weight and improved serum lipid profile, with reduction in serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and elevation in high-density lipoprotein when comparing against the high-fat diet control group. Microscopic evaluation on histologic slides of liver and adipose tissues suggested that E. indica hexane extract had greatly improved liver steatosis and adipose tissue hypertrophy in high-fat diet control group. Abbreviation used: ALT: Alanine transaminase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; B-Ei: Butanol extract of E. indica; DCM-Ei: Dichloromethane extract of E. indica; EA-Ei: Ethyl acetate extract of E. indica; GHS: Globally Harmonized System; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; H-Ei: Hexane extract of E. indica; HFD: High-fat diet; HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; NFD: Normal fed diet; PPL: Porcine pancreatic lipase; SEM: Standard error of mean; SD: Standard deviation; TC: Total cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides; W-Ei: Water extract of E. indica. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017-01 2017-04-07 /pmc/articles/PMC5407099/ /pubmed/28479718 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.203986 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Pharmacognosy Magazine http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Ong, Siew Ling Nalamolu, Koteswara Rao Lai, How Yee Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title | Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title_full | Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title_fullStr | Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title_full_unstemmed | Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title_short | Potential Lipid-Lowering Effects of Eleusine indica (L) Gaertn. Extract on High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats |
title_sort | potential lipid-lowering effects of eleusine indica (l) gaertn. extract on high-fat-diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407099/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28479718 http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.203986 |
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