Inhibitory effects of S100A4 gene silencing on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization: an in vivo study

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the inhibitory effects of S100A4 gene silencing on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV) in rabbit models. METHODS: Sixty-five rabbits were used to establish alkali-induced CNV models. After the operation, rabbits were given daily antibiotic eye drops and an eye ointment to prevent infection. The models were assigned to either an S100A4 siRNA or an empty vector group. Thirty rabbits were selected as the normal control group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the mRNA expression of S100A4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in corneal tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of VEGF in corneal tissues, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) assay was used to detect the protein expression of VEGF and TNF-α in the aqueous humor. RESULTS: The qRT-PCR results showed that S100A4 mRNA expression was lower in the S100A4 siRNA group than in the empty vector group at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after an alkali burn. When compared with the empty vector group, the expression of VEGF and TNF-α mRNA was downregulated in the S100A4 siRNA group. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that VEGF protein expression was downregulated in the S100A4 siRNA group when compared to the empty vector group at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after an alkali burn. The ELISA results suggest that VEGF and TNF-α protein expression is downregulated in the S100A4 siRNA group in comparison to the empty vector group at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after an alkali burn. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that S100A4 gene silencing can inhibit alkali burn-induced CNV in rabbits.