Cargando…
Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica
GRAS genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about the GRAS gene family in apple. In this study, 127 GRAS genes were identified in the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome and named MdGRAS1 to MdGRAS127 ac...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408086/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28503152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00253 |
_version_ | 1783232230177374208 |
---|---|
author | Fan, Sheng Zhang, Dong Gao, Cai Zhao, Ming Wu, Haiqin Li, Youmei Shen, Yawen Han, Mingyu |
author_facet | Fan, Sheng Zhang, Dong Gao, Cai Zhao, Ming Wu, Haiqin Li, Youmei Shen, Yawen Han, Mingyu |
author_sort | Fan, Sheng |
collection | PubMed |
description | GRAS genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about the GRAS gene family in apple. In this study, 127 GRAS genes were identified in the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome and named MdGRAS1 to MdGRAS127 according to their chromosomal locations. The chemical characteristics, gene structures and evolutionary relationships of the MdGRAS genes were investigated. The 127 MdGRAS genes could be grouped into eight subfamilies based on their structural features and phylogenetic relationships. Further analysis of gene structures, segmental and tandem duplication, gene phylogeny and tissue-specific expression with ArrayExpress database indicated their diversification in quantity, structure and function. We further examined the expression pattern of MdGRAS genes during apple flower induction with transcriptome sequencing. Eight higher MdGRAS (MdGRAS6, 26, 28, 44, 53, 64, 107, and 122) genes were surfaced. Further quantitative reverse transcription PCR indicated that the candidate eight genes showed distinct expression patterns among different tissues (leaves, stems, flowers, buds, and fruits). The transcription levels of eight genes were also investigated with various flowering related treatments (GA(3), 6-BA, and sucrose) and different flowering varieties (Yanfu No. 6 and Nagafu No. 2). They all were affected by flowering-related circumstance and showed different expression level. Changes in response to these hormone or sugar related treatments indicated their potential involvement during apple flower induction. Taken together, our results provide rich resources for studying GRAS genes and their potential clues in genetic improvement of apple flowering, which enriches biological theories of GRAS genes in apple and their involvement in flower induction of fruit trees. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5408086 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54080862017-05-12 Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica Fan, Sheng Zhang, Dong Gao, Cai Zhao, Ming Wu, Haiqin Li, Youmei Shen, Yawen Han, Mingyu Front Physiol Physiology GRAS genes encode plant-specific transcription factors that play important roles in plant growth and development. However, little is known about the GRAS gene family in apple. In this study, 127 GRAS genes were identified in the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) genome and named MdGRAS1 to MdGRAS127 according to their chromosomal locations. The chemical characteristics, gene structures and evolutionary relationships of the MdGRAS genes were investigated. The 127 MdGRAS genes could be grouped into eight subfamilies based on their structural features and phylogenetic relationships. Further analysis of gene structures, segmental and tandem duplication, gene phylogeny and tissue-specific expression with ArrayExpress database indicated their diversification in quantity, structure and function. We further examined the expression pattern of MdGRAS genes during apple flower induction with transcriptome sequencing. Eight higher MdGRAS (MdGRAS6, 26, 28, 44, 53, 64, 107, and 122) genes were surfaced. Further quantitative reverse transcription PCR indicated that the candidate eight genes showed distinct expression patterns among different tissues (leaves, stems, flowers, buds, and fruits). The transcription levels of eight genes were also investigated with various flowering related treatments (GA(3), 6-BA, and sucrose) and different flowering varieties (Yanfu No. 6 and Nagafu No. 2). They all were affected by flowering-related circumstance and showed different expression level. Changes in response to these hormone or sugar related treatments indicated their potential involvement during apple flower induction. Taken together, our results provide rich resources for studying GRAS genes and their potential clues in genetic improvement of apple flowering, which enriches biological theories of GRAS genes in apple and their involvement in flower induction of fruit trees. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-04-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5408086/ /pubmed/28503152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00253 Text en Copyright © 2017 Fan, Zhang, Gao, Zhao, Wu, Li, Shen and Han. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Fan, Sheng Zhang, Dong Gao, Cai Zhao, Ming Wu, Haiqin Li, Youmei Shen, Yawen Han, Mingyu Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title | Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title_full | Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title_fullStr | Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title_full_unstemmed | Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title_short | Identification, Classification, and Expression Analysis of GRAS Gene Family in Malus domestica |
title_sort | identification, classification, and expression analysis of gras gene family in malus domestica |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408086/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28503152 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00253 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT fansheng identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT zhangdong identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT gaocai identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT zhaoming identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT wuhaiqin identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT liyoumei identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT shenyawen identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica AT hanmingyu identificationclassificationandexpressionanalysisofgrasgenefamilyinmalusdomestica |