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Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique

Gout is caused by the overproduction of uric acid and the inefficient metabolism of dietary purines in humans. Current treatments of gout, which include anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids, have harmful side-effects. Our research laboratory has recently...

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Autores principales: Thompson, Nishone, Boone-Kukoyi, Zainab, Shortt, Raquel, Lansiquot, Carisse, Kioko, Bridgit, Bonyi, Enock, Toker, Salih, Ozturk, Birol, Aslan, Kadir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27763557
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101388
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author Thompson, Nishone
Boone-Kukoyi, Zainab
Shortt, Raquel
Lansiquot, Carisse
Kioko, Bridgit
Bonyi, Enock
Toker, Salih
Ozturk, Birol
Aslan, Kadir
author_facet Thompson, Nishone
Boone-Kukoyi, Zainab
Shortt, Raquel
Lansiquot, Carisse
Kioko, Bridgit
Bonyi, Enock
Toker, Salih
Ozturk, Birol
Aslan, Kadir
author_sort Thompson, Nishone
collection PubMed
description Gout is caused by the overproduction of uric acid and the inefficient metabolism of dietary purines in humans. Current treatments of gout, which include anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids, have harmful side-effects. Our research laboratory has recently introduced an innovative approach for the decrystallization of biological and chemical crystals using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique. In the MAMAD technique, microwave energy is used to heat and activate gold nanoparticles that behave as “nano-bullets” to rapidly disrupt the crystal structure of biological crystals placed on planar surfaces. In this study, crystals of various sizes and compositions were studied as models for tophaceous gout at different stages (i.e., uric acid as small crystals (~10–100 μm) and l-alanine as medium (~300 μm) and large crystals (~4400 μm). Our results showed that the use of the MAMAD technique resulted in the reduction of the size and number of uric acid and l-alanine crystals up to >40% when exposed to intermittent microwave heating (up to 20 W power at 8 GHz) in the presence of 20 nm gold nanoparticles up to 120 s. This study demonstrates that the MAMAD technique can be potentially used as an alternative therapeutic method for the treatment of gout by effective decrystallization of large crystals, similar in size to those that often occur in gout.
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spelling pubmed-54095042017-04-28 Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique Thompson, Nishone Boone-Kukoyi, Zainab Shortt, Raquel Lansiquot, Carisse Kioko, Bridgit Bonyi, Enock Toker, Salih Ozturk, Birol Aslan, Kadir Molecules Article Gout is caused by the overproduction of uric acid and the inefficient metabolism of dietary purines in humans. Current treatments of gout, which include anti-inflammatory drugs, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and systemic glucocorticoids, have harmful side-effects. Our research laboratory has recently introduced an innovative approach for the decrystallization of biological and chemical crystals using the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Decrystallization (MAMAD) technique. In the MAMAD technique, microwave energy is used to heat and activate gold nanoparticles that behave as “nano-bullets” to rapidly disrupt the crystal structure of biological crystals placed on planar surfaces. In this study, crystals of various sizes and compositions were studied as models for tophaceous gout at different stages (i.e., uric acid as small crystals (~10–100 μm) and l-alanine as medium (~300 μm) and large crystals (~4400 μm). Our results showed that the use of the MAMAD technique resulted in the reduction of the size and number of uric acid and l-alanine crystals up to >40% when exposed to intermittent microwave heating (up to 20 W power at 8 GHz) in the presence of 20 nm gold nanoparticles up to 120 s. This study demonstrates that the MAMAD technique can be potentially used as an alternative therapeutic method for the treatment of gout by effective decrystallization of large crystals, similar in size to those that often occur in gout. MDPI 2016-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5409504/ /pubmed/27763557 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101388 Text en © 2016 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Thompson, Nishone
Boone-Kukoyi, Zainab
Shortt, Raquel
Lansiquot, Carisse
Kioko, Bridgit
Bonyi, Enock
Toker, Salih
Ozturk, Birol
Aslan, Kadir
Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title_full Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title_fullStr Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title_full_unstemmed Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title_short Decrystallization of Crystals Using Gold “Nano-Bullets” and the Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Decrystallization Technique
title_sort decrystallization of crystals using gold “nano-bullets” and the metal-assisted and microwave-accelerated decrystallization technique
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409504/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27763557
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21101388
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