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Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives

In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, leve...

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Autores principales: Skladanka, Jiri, Adam, Vojtech, Zitka, Ondrej, Mlejnkova, Veronika, Kalhotka, Libor, Horky, Pavel, Konecna, Klara, Hodulikova, Lucia, Knotova, Daniela, Balabanova, Marie, Slama, Petr, Skarpa, Petr
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418
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author Skladanka, Jiri
Adam, Vojtech
Zitka, Ondrej
Mlejnkova, Veronika
Kalhotka, Libor
Horky, Pavel
Konecna, Klara
Hodulikova, Lucia
Knotova, Daniela
Balabanova, Marie
Slama, Petr
Skarpa, Petr
author_facet Skladanka, Jiri
Adam, Vojtech
Zitka, Ondrej
Mlejnkova, Veronika
Kalhotka, Libor
Horky, Pavel
Konecna, Klara
Hodulikova, Lucia
Knotova, Daniela
Balabanova, Marie
Slama, Petr
Skarpa, Petr
author_sort Skladanka, Jiri
collection PubMed
description In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, levels of biogenic amines, and the mycotoxins in forage legumes, and also to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silage and the influence of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silage. The experimental plot was located in Troubsko and Vatín, in the Czech Republic. Two varieties of Medicago sativa and one variety of Trifolium pratense were compared. Green fodder and subsequently produced silage reaching up to 23% of dry matter were evaluated and prepared using a bio-enzymatic additive and a chemical additive. Green fodder of Medicago sativa was more contaminated by Enterococci than Trifolium pratense fodder. The obvious difference was determined by the quality of silage leachate. The silage prepared from Medicago sativa fodder was more contaminated with butyric acid. Fungi were present in higher counts in the anaerobic environment of green fodder and contaminated it with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Lower counts of fungi were found in silage, although the zearalenone content did not change. Lower content of deoxynivalenol was detected in silage, compared with green fodder. Silages treated with a chemical additive were found not to contain butyric acid. Lower ethanol content was determined, and the tendency to reduce the risk of biogenic amines occurrence was evident. The additives proved to have no influence on the content of mycotoxins.
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spelling pubmed-54096192017-05-03 Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives Skladanka, Jiri Adam, Vojtech Zitka, Ondrej Mlejnkova, Veronika Kalhotka, Libor Horky, Pavel Konecna, Klara Hodulikova, Lucia Knotova, Daniela Balabanova, Marie Slama, Petr Skarpa, Petr Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, levels of biogenic amines, and the mycotoxins in forage legumes, and also to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silage and the influence of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silage. The experimental plot was located in Troubsko and Vatín, in the Czech Republic. Two varieties of Medicago sativa and one variety of Trifolium pratense were compared. Green fodder and subsequently produced silage reaching up to 23% of dry matter were evaluated and prepared using a bio-enzymatic additive and a chemical additive. Green fodder of Medicago sativa was more contaminated by Enterococci than Trifolium pratense fodder. The obvious difference was determined by the quality of silage leachate. The silage prepared from Medicago sativa fodder was more contaminated with butyric acid. Fungi were present in higher counts in the anaerobic environment of green fodder and contaminated it with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Lower counts of fungi were found in silage, although the zearalenone content did not change. Lower content of deoxynivalenol was detected in silage, compared with green fodder. Silages treated with a chemical additive were found not to contain butyric acid. Lower ethanol content was determined, and the tendency to reduce the risk of biogenic amines occurrence was evident. The additives proved to have no influence on the content of mycotoxins. MDPI 2017-04-14 2017-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5409619/ /pubmed/28420109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Skladanka, Jiri
Adam, Vojtech
Zitka, Ondrej
Mlejnkova, Veronika
Kalhotka, Libor
Horky, Pavel
Konecna, Klara
Hodulikova, Lucia
Knotova, Daniela
Balabanova, Marie
Slama, Petr
Skarpa, Petr
Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title_full Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title_fullStr Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title_short Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
title_sort comparison of biogenic amines and mycotoxins in alfalfa and red clover fodder depending on additives
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409619/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420109
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418
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