Cargando…
Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives
In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, leve...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418 |
_version_ | 1783232505395019776 |
---|---|
author | Skladanka, Jiri Adam, Vojtech Zitka, Ondrej Mlejnkova, Veronika Kalhotka, Libor Horky, Pavel Konecna, Klara Hodulikova, Lucia Knotova, Daniela Balabanova, Marie Slama, Petr Skarpa, Petr |
author_facet | Skladanka, Jiri Adam, Vojtech Zitka, Ondrej Mlejnkova, Veronika Kalhotka, Libor Horky, Pavel Konecna, Klara Hodulikova, Lucia Knotova, Daniela Balabanova, Marie Slama, Petr Skarpa, Petr |
author_sort | Skladanka, Jiri |
collection | PubMed |
description | In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, levels of biogenic amines, and the mycotoxins in forage legumes, and also to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silage and the influence of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silage. The experimental plot was located in Troubsko and Vatín, in the Czech Republic. Two varieties of Medicago sativa and one variety of Trifolium pratense were compared. Green fodder and subsequently produced silage reaching up to 23% of dry matter were evaluated and prepared using a bio-enzymatic additive and a chemical additive. Green fodder of Medicago sativa was more contaminated by Enterococci than Trifolium pratense fodder. The obvious difference was determined by the quality of silage leachate. The silage prepared from Medicago sativa fodder was more contaminated with butyric acid. Fungi were present in higher counts in the anaerobic environment of green fodder and contaminated it with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Lower counts of fungi were found in silage, although the zearalenone content did not change. Lower content of deoxynivalenol was detected in silage, compared with green fodder. Silages treated with a chemical additive were found not to contain butyric acid. Lower ethanol content was determined, and the tendency to reduce the risk of biogenic amines occurrence was evident. The additives proved to have no influence on the content of mycotoxins. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5409619 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54096192017-05-03 Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives Skladanka, Jiri Adam, Vojtech Zitka, Ondrej Mlejnkova, Veronika Kalhotka, Libor Horky, Pavel Konecna, Klara Hodulikova, Lucia Knotova, Daniela Balabanova, Marie Slama, Petr Skarpa, Petr Int J Environ Res Public Health Article In the production of fermented feed, each crop can be contaminated with a variety of microorganisms that may produce natural pollutants. Biogenic amines, mycotoxins, and undesirable organic acids can decrease health feed safety. The aim of this study was to compare the counts of microorganisms, levels of biogenic amines, and the mycotoxins in forage legumes, and also to compare the occurrence of microorganisms and levels of mycotoxins in green fodder and subsequently produced silage and the influence of additives on the content of natural harmful substances in silage. The experimental plot was located in Troubsko and Vatín, in the Czech Republic. Two varieties of Medicago sativa and one variety of Trifolium pratense were compared. Green fodder and subsequently produced silage reaching up to 23% of dry matter were evaluated and prepared using a bio-enzymatic additive and a chemical additive. Green fodder of Medicago sativa was more contaminated by Enterococci than Trifolium pratense fodder. The obvious difference was determined by the quality of silage leachate. The silage prepared from Medicago sativa fodder was more contaminated with butyric acid. Fungi were present in higher counts in the anaerobic environment of green fodder and contaminated it with zearalenone and deoxynivalenol. Lower counts of fungi were found in silage, although the zearalenone content did not change. Lower content of deoxynivalenol was detected in silage, compared with green fodder. Silages treated with a chemical additive were found not to contain butyric acid. Lower ethanol content was determined, and the tendency to reduce the risk of biogenic amines occurrence was evident. The additives proved to have no influence on the content of mycotoxins. MDPI 2017-04-14 2017-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5409619/ /pubmed/28420109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Skladanka, Jiri Adam, Vojtech Zitka, Ondrej Mlejnkova, Veronika Kalhotka, Libor Horky, Pavel Konecna, Klara Hodulikova, Lucia Knotova, Daniela Balabanova, Marie Slama, Petr Skarpa, Petr Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title | Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title_full | Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title_fullStr | Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title_short | Comparison of Biogenic Amines and Mycotoxins in Alfalfa and Red Clover Fodder Depending on Additives |
title_sort | comparison of biogenic amines and mycotoxins in alfalfa and red clover fodder depending on additives |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409619/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420109 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040418 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT skladankajiri comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT adamvojtech comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT zitkaondrej comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT mlejnkovaveronika comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT kalhotkalibor comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT horkypavel comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT konecnaklara comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT hodulikovalucia comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT knotovadaniela comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT balabanovamarie comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT slamapetr comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives AT skarpapetr comparisonofbiogenicaminesandmycotoxinsinalfalfaandredcloverfodderdependingonadditives |