A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies

Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) remains the single greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in the eastern USA. The loss of hemlock trees leads to further negative impacts on the diversity and stability of ecosystems in the eastern part of North America. It is,...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Letheren, Amanda, Hill, Stephanie, Salie, Jeanmarie, Parkman, James, Chen, Jiangang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Review
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422072
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040438
_version_ 1783232510376804352
author Letheren, Amanda
Hill, Stephanie
Salie, Jeanmarie
Parkman, James
Chen, Jiangang
author_facet Letheren, Amanda
Hill, Stephanie
Salie, Jeanmarie
Parkman, James
Chen, Jiangang
author_sort Letheren, Amanda
collection PubMed
description Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) remains the single greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in the eastern USA. The loss of hemlock trees leads to further negative impacts on the diversity and stability of ecosystems in the eastern part of North America. It is, therefore, urgent to develop effective control measures to reduce HWA populations and promote overall hemlock health. Currently available individual and integrated approaches should continue to be evaluated in the laboratory and in the field along with the development of other new and innovative methods.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5409639
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-54096392017-05-03 A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies Letheren, Amanda Hill, Stephanie Salie, Jeanmarie Parkman, James Chen, Jiangang Int J Environ Res Public Health Review Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) remains the single greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in the eastern USA. The loss of hemlock trees leads to further negative impacts on the diversity and stability of ecosystems in the eastern part of North America. It is, therefore, urgent to develop effective control measures to reduce HWA populations and promote overall hemlock health. Currently available individual and integrated approaches should continue to be evaluated in the laboratory and in the field along with the development of other new and innovative methods. MDPI 2017-04-19 2017-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5409639/ /pubmed/28422072 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040438 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Letheren, Amanda
Hill, Stephanie
Salie, Jeanmarie
Parkman, James
Chen, Jiangang
A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title_full A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title_fullStr A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title_full_unstemmed A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title_short A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies
title_sort little bug with a big bite: impact of hemlock woolly adelgid infestations on forest ecosystems in the eastern usa and potential control strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5409639/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28422072
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14040438
work_keys_str_mv AT letherenamanda alittlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT hillstephanie alittlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT saliejeanmarie alittlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT parkmanjames alittlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT chenjiangang alittlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT letherenamanda littlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT hillstephanie littlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT saliejeanmarie littlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT parkmanjames littlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies
AT chenjiangang littlebugwithabigbiteimpactofhemlockwoollyadelgidinfestationsonforestecosystemsintheeasternusaandpotentialcontrolstrategies

Ejemplares similares