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Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia

We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297, 2002) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231,...

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Autores principales: Matzke, Dora, Hughes, Matthew, Badcock, Johanna C., Michie, Patricia, Heathcote, Andrew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185228
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1287-8
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author Matzke, Dora
Hughes, Matthew
Badcock, Johanna C.
Michie, Patricia
Heathcote, Andrew
author_facet Matzke, Dora
Hughes, Matthew
Badcock, Johanna C.
Michie, Patricia
Heathcote, Andrew
author_sort Matzke, Dora
collection PubMed
description We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297, 2002) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231, 2012), where schizophrenia patients and control participants made rapid choice responses, but on some trials were signalled to stop their ongoing response. Previous research has assumed an inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia, because estimates of the mean time taken to react to the stop signal are longer in patients than controls. We showed that these longer estimates are partly due to failing to react to the stop signal (“trigger failures”) and partly due to a slower initiation of inhibition, implicating a failure of attention rather than a deficit in the inhibitory process itself. Correlations between the probability of trigger failures and event-related potentials reported by Hughes et al. are interpreted as supporting the attentional account of inhibitory deficits. Our results, and those of Matzke et al. (2016), who report that controls also display a substantial although lower trigger-failure rate, indicate that attentional factors need to be taken into account when interpreting results from the stop-signal paradigm.
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spelling pubmed-54135352017-05-19 Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia Matzke, Dora Hughes, Matthew Badcock, Johanna C. Michie, Patricia Heathcote, Andrew Atten Percept Psychophys Article We used Bayesian cognitive modelling to identify the underlying causes of apparent inhibitory deficits in the stop-signal paradigm. The analysis was applied to stop-signal data reported by Badcock et al. (Psychological Medicine 32: 87-297, 2002) and Hughes et al. (Biological Psychology 89: 220-231, 2012), where schizophrenia patients and control participants made rapid choice responses, but on some trials were signalled to stop their ongoing response. Previous research has assumed an inhibitory deficit in schizophrenia, because estimates of the mean time taken to react to the stop signal are longer in patients than controls. We showed that these longer estimates are partly due to failing to react to the stop signal (“trigger failures”) and partly due to a slower initiation of inhibition, implicating a failure of attention rather than a deficit in the inhibitory process itself. Correlations between the probability of trigger failures and event-related potentials reported by Hughes et al. are interpreted as supporting the attentional account of inhibitory deficits. Our results, and those of Matzke et al. (2016), who report that controls also display a substantial although lower trigger-failure rate, indicate that attentional factors need to be taken into account when interpreting results from the stop-signal paradigm. Springer US 2017-02-09 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5413535/ /pubmed/28185228 http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1287-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Article
Matzke, Dora
Hughes, Matthew
Badcock, Johanna C.
Michie, Patricia
Heathcote, Andrew
Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title_full Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title_fullStr Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title_full_unstemmed Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title_short Failures of cognitive control or attention? The case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
title_sort failures of cognitive control or attention? the case of stop-signal deficits in schizophrenia
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5413535/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28185228
http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-017-1287-8
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