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Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution ap...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer US
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418316/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1 |
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author | Perivilli, Satish Prevost, Richard Stippler, Erika |
author_facet | Perivilli, Satish Prevost, Richard Stippler, Erika |
author_sort | Perivilli, Satish |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution apparatus 3 configuration with a black painted tablet fixed at the center of the bottom porous screen of the reciprocating cylinder. A trigger mechanism was employed to capture data over 12 phase positions for each reciprocation cycle. Data were captured over a fixed number of cycles, based on dip rate, and the resultant images were post-processed to obtain phase-averaged velocity fields at each phase. RESULTS: For all dip rates studied, the sinusoidal nature of the cylinder’s reciprocating motion was evident in the images. The phase positions, in which the cylinder was completely submerged, were characterized by recirculation of liquid through the cylinder, top fitting cap, vessel-cylinder annulus, and bottom fitting cap. The direction of recirculation was opposite for phase positions during the up- and downstrokes. The end positions of the up- and downstrokes were characterized by vortices below and above the cylinder respectively. Increasing dip rates led mainly to increasing velocity magnitudes while all flow characteristics, in general, were retained. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrodynamics in typical USP dissolution apparatus 3 is characterized by cyclic phase-dependent flow fields. Specifically, the velocity field distribution within dissolution apparatus 3 is greatly influenced by the relative position of the top cap to the liquid level in the cylinder. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5418316 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Springer US |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54183162017-05-22 Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry Perivilli, Satish Prevost, Richard Stippler, Erika Pharm Res Research Paper PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution apparatus 3 configuration with a black painted tablet fixed at the center of the bottom porous screen of the reciprocating cylinder. A trigger mechanism was employed to capture data over 12 phase positions for each reciprocation cycle. Data were captured over a fixed number of cycles, based on dip rate, and the resultant images were post-processed to obtain phase-averaged velocity fields at each phase. RESULTS: For all dip rates studied, the sinusoidal nature of the cylinder’s reciprocating motion was evident in the images. The phase positions, in which the cylinder was completely submerged, were characterized by recirculation of liquid through the cylinder, top fitting cap, vessel-cylinder annulus, and bottom fitting cap. The direction of recirculation was opposite for phase positions during the up- and downstrokes. The end positions of the up- and downstrokes were characterized by vortices below and above the cylinder respectively. Increasing dip rates led mainly to increasing velocity magnitudes while all flow characteristics, in general, were retained. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrodynamics in typical USP dissolution apparatus 3 is characterized by cyclic phase-dependent flow fields. Specifically, the velocity field distribution within dissolution apparatus 3 is greatly influenced by the relative position of the top cap to the liquid level in the cylinder. Springer US 2017-04-13 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5418316/ /pubmed/28409325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Perivilli, Satish Prevost, Richard Stippler, Erika Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title | Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title_full | Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title_fullStr | Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title_full_unstemmed | Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title_short | Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry |
title_sort | velocity field visualization in usp dissolution apparatus 3 using particle image velocimetry |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418316/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1 |
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