Cargando…

Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry

PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution ap...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Perivilli, Satish, Prevost, Richard, Stippler, Erika
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1
_version_ 1783234036162887680
author Perivilli, Satish
Prevost, Richard
Stippler, Erika
author_facet Perivilli, Satish
Prevost, Richard
Stippler, Erika
author_sort Perivilli, Satish
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution apparatus 3 configuration with a black painted tablet fixed at the center of the bottom porous screen of the reciprocating cylinder. A trigger mechanism was employed to capture data over 12 phase positions for each reciprocation cycle. Data were captured over a fixed number of cycles, based on dip rate, and the resultant images were post-processed to obtain phase-averaged velocity fields at each phase. RESULTS: For all dip rates studied, the sinusoidal nature of the cylinder’s reciprocating motion was evident in the images. The phase positions, in which the cylinder was completely submerged, were characterized by recirculation of liquid through the cylinder, top fitting cap, vessel-cylinder annulus, and bottom fitting cap. The direction of recirculation was opposite for phase positions during the up- and downstrokes. The end positions of the up- and downstrokes were characterized by vortices below and above the cylinder respectively. Increasing dip rates led mainly to increasing velocity magnitudes while all flow characteristics, in general, were retained. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrodynamics in typical USP dissolution apparatus 3 is characterized by cyclic phase-dependent flow fields. Specifically, the velocity field distribution within dissolution apparatus 3 is greatly influenced by the relative position of the top cap to the liquid level in the cylinder.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5418316
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher Springer US
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-54183162017-05-22 Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry Perivilli, Satish Prevost, Richard Stippler, Erika Pharm Res Research Paper PURPOSE: The hydrodynamics in USP dissolution apparatus 3, at five different dip rates, was characterized by analyzing phase-averaged velocity fields obtained using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). METHODS: Phase locked 2 Component-PIV (2C–PIV) measurements were recorded on a typical dissolution apparatus 3 configuration with a black painted tablet fixed at the center of the bottom porous screen of the reciprocating cylinder. A trigger mechanism was employed to capture data over 12 phase positions for each reciprocation cycle. Data were captured over a fixed number of cycles, based on dip rate, and the resultant images were post-processed to obtain phase-averaged velocity fields at each phase. RESULTS: For all dip rates studied, the sinusoidal nature of the cylinder’s reciprocating motion was evident in the images. The phase positions, in which the cylinder was completely submerged, were characterized by recirculation of liquid through the cylinder, top fitting cap, vessel-cylinder annulus, and bottom fitting cap. The direction of recirculation was opposite for phase positions during the up- and downstrokes. The end positions of the up- and downstrokes were characterized by vortices below and above the cylinder respectively. Increasing dip rates led mainly to increasing velocity magnitudes while all flow characteristics, in general, were retained. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrodynamics in typical USP dissolution apparatus 3 is characterized by cyclic phase-dependent flow fields. Specifically, the velocity field distribution within dissolution apparatus 3 is greatly influenced by the relative position of the top cap to the liquid level in the cylinder. Springer US 2017-04-13 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5418316/ /pubmed/28409325 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Research Paper
Perivilli, Satish
Prevost, Richard
Stippler, Erika
Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title_full Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title_fullStr Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title_full_unstemmed Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title_short Velocity Field Visualization in USP Dissolution Apparatus 3 Using Particle Image Velocimetry
title_sort velocity field visualization in usp dissolution apparatus 3 using particle image velocimetry
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418316/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28409325
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095-017-2151-1
work_keys_str_mv AT perivillisatish velocityfieldvisualizationinuspdissolutionapparatus3usingparticleimagevelocimetry
AT prevostrichard velocityfieldvisualizationinuspdissolutionapparatus3usingparticleimagevelocimetry
AT stipplererika velocityfieldvisualizationinuspdissolutionapparatus3usingparticleimagevelocimetry