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Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study

In the general population, females experience depression at significantly higher rates than males. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at substantially greater risk for depression compared to the overall population. Treatment of, and recovery from, TBI can be hindered by depression; co...

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Autores principales: Lavoie, Sarah, Sechrist, Samantha, Quach, Nhung, Ehsanian, Reza, Duong, Thao, Gotlib, Ian H., Isaac, Linda
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28529492
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00634
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author Lavoie, Sarah
Sechrist, Samantha
Quach, Nhung
Ehsanian, Reza
Duong, Thao
Gotlib, Ian H.
Isaac, Linda
author_facet Lavoie, Sarah
Sechrist, Samantha
Quach, Nhung
Ehsanian, Reza
Duong, Thao
Gotlib, Ian H.
Isaac, Linda
author_sort Lavoie, Sarah
collection PubMed
description In the general population, females experience depression at significantly higher rates than males. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at substantially greater risk for depression compared to the overall population. Treatment of, and recovery from, TBI can be hindered by depression; comorbid TBI and depression can lead to adverse outcomes and negatively affect multiple aspects of individuals’ lives. Gender differences in depression following TBI are not well understood, and relevant empirical findings have been mixed. Utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 1 year after TBI, we examined whether women would experience more severe depressive symptoms, and would endorse higher levels of depression within each category of depression severity, than would men. Interestingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, men and women reported mild depression at equal rates; PHQ-9 total scores were slightly lower in women than in men. Men and women did not differ significantly in any PHQ-9 depression severity category. Item analyses, yielded significant gender differences on the following items: greater concentration difficulties (cognitive problems) in men and more sleep disturbances (psychosomatic issues) in women per uncorrected two-sample Z-test for proportions analyses; however, these results were not significant after the family-wise Bonferroni correction. Our results indicate that, in contrast to the general population, mild depression in persons with moderate to severe TBI may not be gender-specific. These findings underscore the need for early identification, active screening, and depression treatment equally for men and women to improve emotional well-being, promote recovery, and enhance quality of life following TBI.
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spelling pubmed-54183332017-05-19 Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study Lavoie, Sarah Sechrist, Samantha Quach, Nhung Ehsanian, Reza Duong, Thao Gotlib, Ian H. Isaac, Linda Front Psychol Psychology In the general population, females experience depression at significantly higher rates than males. Individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at substantially greater risk for depression compared to the overall population. Treatment of, and recovery from, TBI can be hindered by depression; comorbid TBI and depression can lead to adverse outcomes and negatively affect multiple aspects of individuals’ lives. Gender differences in depression following TBI are not well understood, and relevant empirical findings have been mixed. Utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) 1 year after TBI, we examined whether women would experience more severe depressive symptoms, and would endorse higher levels of depression within each category of depression severity, than would men. Interestingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, men and women reported mild depression at equal rates; PHQ-9 total scores were slightly lower in women than in men. Men and women did not differ significantly in any PHQ-9 depression severity category. Item analyses, yielded significant gender differences on the following items: greater concentration difficulties (cognitive problems) in men and more sleep disturbances (psychosomatic issues) in women per uncorrected two-sample Z-test for proportions analyses; however, these results were not significant after the family-wise Bonferroni correction. Our results indicate that, in contrast to the general population, mild depression in persons with moderate to severe TBI may not be gender-specific. These findings underscore the need for early identification, active screening, and depression treatment equally for men and women to improve emotional well-being, promote recovery, and enhance quality of life following TBI. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-05 /pmc/articles/PMC5418333/ /pubmed/28529492 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00634 Text en Copyright © 2017 Lavoie, Sechrist, Quach, Ehsanian, Duong, Gotlib and Isaac. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Lavoie, Sarah
Sechrist, Samantha
Quach, Nhung
Ehsanian, Reza
Duong, Thao
Gotlib, Ian H.
Isaac, Linda
Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title_full Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title_fullStr Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title_full_unstemmed Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title_short Depression in Men and Women One Year Following Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): A TBI Model Systems Study
title_sort depression in men and women one year following traumatic brain injury (tbi): a tbi model systems study
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5418333/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28529492
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00634
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