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Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which smokers and smoking quitters differ in habits and risk factors from non-smokers. Subjects comprised 8,109 patients aged 35–67 years having health checks in British primary care. We compared lifestyle and measured cardiovascular risk factors...

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Autores principales: Tang, Jinling, Muir, John, Lancaster, Tim, Jones, Lesley, Fowler, Godfrey
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Royal College of Physicians of London 1997
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9192334
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author Tang, Jinling
Muir, John
Lancaster, Tim
Jones, Lesley
Fowler, Godfrey
author_facet Tang, Jinling
Muir, John
Lancaster, Tim
Jones, Lesley
Fowler, Godfrey
author_sort Tang, Jinling
collection PubMed
description The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which smokers and smoking quitters differ in habits and risk factors from non-smokers. Subjects comprised 8,109 patients aged 35–67 years having health checks in British primary care. We compared lifestyle and measured cardiovascular risk factors in smokers, former smokers and lifelong abstainers in cross-sectional analyses, and in prospective data in quitters. Results were adjusted for confounding factors. Considering 25 aspects of lifestyle, smokers had significantly worse habits in 20 compared to abstainers, and in 17 compared to former smokers. These included eating more white bread, full cream milk, fried food and meat, and less fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread and bran cereals. Smokers report drinking more alcohol and taking less exercise. Smokers' mean serum levels were higher for total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and lower for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Within five years ex-smokers' data became comparable to lifelong abstainers for most factors, with apparent attenuation over up to 20 years for triglyceride, body mass index and scores for fibre and polyunsaturated fat intake. Smokers who quit after initial examinations had better health profiles even before quitting (p = 0.016) and subsequently made more beneficial health changes (p = 0.039) than continuing smokers. Smoking is associated with relatively poor health choices and risk factor levels. Stopping smoking is associated with a wide range of improved health markers beyond avoidance of tobacco toxicity.
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spelling pubmed-54209992019-01-22 Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers Tang, Jinling Muir, John Lancaster, Tim Jones, Lesley Fowler, Godfrey J R Coll Physicians Lond Original Papers The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which smokers and smoking quitters differ in habits and risk factors from non-smokers. Subjects comprised 8,109 patients aged 35–67 years having health checks in British primary care. We compared lifestyle and measured cardiovascular risk factors in smokers, former smokers and lifelong abstainers in cross-sectional analyses, and in prospective data in quitters. Results were adjusted for confounding factors. Considering 25 aspects of lifestyle, smokers had significantly worse habits in 20 compared to abstainers, and in 17 compared to former smokers. These included eating more white bread, full cream milk, fried food and meat, and less fruit and vegetables, wholemeal bread and bran cereals. Smokers report drinking more alcohol and taking less exercise. Smokers' mean serum levels were higher for total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and lower for high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Within five years ex-smokers' data became comparable to lifelong abstainers for most factors, with apparent attenuation over up to 20 years for triglyceride, body mass index and scores for fibre and polyunsaturated fat intake. Smokers who quit after initial examinations had better health profiles even before quitting (p = 0.016) and subsequently made more beneficial health changes (p = 0.039) than continuing smokers. Smoking is associated with relatively poor health choices and risk factor levels. Stopping smoking is associated with a wide range of improved health markers beyond avoidance of tobacco toxicity. Royal College of Physicians of London 1997 /pmc/articles/PMC5420999/ /pubmed/9192334 Text en © Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 1997 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) , which permits non-commercial use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Original Papers
Tang, Jinling
Muir, John
Lancaster, Tim
Jones, Lesley
Fowler, Godfrey
Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title_full Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title_fullStr Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title_full_unstemmed Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title_short Health Profiles of Current and Former Smokers and Lifelong Abstainers
title_sort health profiles of current and former smokers and lifelong abstainers
topic Original Papers
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5420999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9192334
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