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Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides

BACKGROUND: Ticks are among the most harmful vectors worldwide. Their salivary glands play essential roles in blood-feeding and pathogen transmission and undergo apoptosis after feeding. Although it was previously reported that salivary degeneration in ixodid ticks is in response to hormonal stimula...

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Autores principales: Yu, Xinmao, Zhou, Yongzhi, Cao, Jie, Zhang, Houshuang, Gong, Haiyan, Zhou, Jinlin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2161-1
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author Yu, Xinmao
Zhou, Yongzhi
Cao, Jie
Zhang, Houshuang
Gong, Haiyan
Zhou, Jinlin
author_facet Yu, Xinmao
Zhou, Yongzhi
Cao, Jie
Zhang, Houshuang
Gong, Haiyan
Zhou, Jinlin
author_sort Yu, Xinmao
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Ticks are among the most harmful vectors worldwide. Their salivary glands play essential roles in blood-feeding and pathogen transmission and undergo apoptosis after feeding. Although it was previously reported that salivary degeneration in ixodid ticks is in response to hormonal stimulation, questions still exist with the underlying mechanisms of salivary gland apoptosis. METHODS: Salivary glands of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides were collected from 1 to 7 days after attachment to the host. TUNEL and Annexin V assays were used to check apoptosis during this time. To confirm the role of caspase-1, RNA interference was used to silence its expression, and the dynamic changes of associated cysteine proteases were also shown by quantitative real time PCR and western blot, while TUNEL and Annexin V assays were used to confirm apoptosis. RESULTS: In the present study, apoptosis of salivary glands in R. haemaphysaloides occurred 3 or 4 days after attachment to the host as determined by TUNEL and Annexin V assays. The expression of caspase-1 increased at 5–7 days. When the latter was silenced by RNA interference, apoptosis in the salivary glands was delayed. While there seemed to be another form of cell death in salivary glands of ticks, such occurrence may be caused by compensatory autophagy which involved autophagy-related gene 4D. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the apoptosis of salivary glands in R. haemaphysaloides and the dynamic changes in cysteine proteases in this activity. Cysteine proteases were involved in this process, especially caspase-1. Caspase-1 participated in the apoptosis of salivary glands. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2161-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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spelling pubmed-54228792017-05-12 Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides Yu, Xinmao Zhou, Yongzhi Cao, Jie Zhang, Houshuang Gong, Haiyan Zhou, Jinlin Parasit Vectors Research BACKGROUND: Ticks are among the most harmful vectors worldwide. Their salivary glands play essential roles in blood-feeding and pathogen transmission and undergo apoptosis after feeding. Although it was previously reported that salivary degeneration in ixodid ticks is in response to hormonal stimulation, questions still exist with the underlying mechanisms of salivary gland apoptosis. METHODS: Salivary glands of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides were collected from 1 to 7 days after attachment to the host. TUNEL and Annexin V assays were used to check apoptosis during this time. To confirm the role of caspase-1, RNA interference was used to silence its expression, and the dynamic changes of associated cysteine proteases were also shown by quantitative real time PCR and western blot, while TUNEL and Annexin V assays were used to confirm apoptosis. RESULTS: In the present study, apoptosis of salivary glands in R. haemaphysaloides occurred 3 or 4 days after attachment to the host as determined by TUNEL and Annexin V assays. The expression of caspase-1 increased at 5–7 days. When the latter was silenced by RNA interference, apoptosis in the salivary glands was delayed. While there seemed to be another form of cell death in salivary glands of ticks, such occurrence may be caused by compensatory autophagy which involved autophagy-related gene 4D. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes the apoptosis of salivary glands in R. haemaphysaloides and the dynamic changes in cysteine proteases in this activity. Cysteine proteases were involved in this process, especially caspase-1. Caspase-1 participated in the apoptosis of salivary glands. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-2161-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. BioMed Central 2017-05-08 /pmc/articles/PMC5422879/ /pubmed/28482931 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2161-1 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Yu, Xinmao
Zhou, Yongzhi
Cao, Jie
Zhang, Houshuang
Gong, Haiyan
Zhou, Jinlin
Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title_full Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title_fullStr Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title_full_unstemmed Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title_short Caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
title_sort caspase-1 participates in apoptosis of salivary glands in rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5422879/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28482931
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2161-1
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