Incidental leiomyosarcoma found at the time of cesarean hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta

BACKGROUND: Incidental leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare diagnosis in pregnancy or in the puerperium. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature of incidental LMS after cesarean hysterectomy for morbidly adherent placenta. CASE: We present a case of a cesarean hysterectomy performed for a suspected morbidly adherent placenta in a patient with three prior cesarean deliveries, an anterior placenta previa and a fundal fibroid. Subsequent pathology identified a LMS on final specimen. The patient declined bilateral oophorectomy and removal of her remaining cervix. No chemotherapy or radiation was given for her presumed stage IB disease. CONCLUSION: An incidental finding of a LMS is infrequent; the risk of recurrence is > 50% even if the sarcoma is removed in its entirety.