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Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers

Thoracic cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM), cause the highest rate of cancer mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths are as a result of NSCLC; however, prognoses for the other two diseases remain as some of...

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Autores principales: Dash, Alexander S., Patel, Manish R.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010002
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author Dash, Alexander S.
Patel, Manish R.
author_facet Dash, Alexander S.
Patel, Manish R.
author_sort Dash, Alexander S.
collection PubMed
description Thoracic cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM), cause the highest rate of cancer mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths are as a result of NSCLC; however, prognoses for the other two diseases remain as some of the poorest of any cancers. Recent advances in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, have begun to help a small population of patients with advanced lung cancer. People who respond to these immune therapies generally have a durable response and many see dramatic decreases in their disease. However, response to immune therapies remains relatively low. Therefore, intense research is now underway to rationally develop combination therapies to expand the range of patients who will respond to and benefit from immune therapy. One promising approach is with oncolytic viruses. These oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been found to be selective for or have been engineered to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. In pre-clinical models of different thoracic cancers, it has been found that these viruses can induce immunogenic cell death, increase the number of immune mediators brought into the tumor microenvironment and broaden the neoantigen-specific T cell response. We will review here the literature regarding the application of virotherapy toward augmenting immune responses in thoracic cancers.
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spelling pubmed-54234882017-05-23 Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers Dash, Alexander S. Patel, Manish R. Biomedicines Review Thoracic cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM), cause the highest rate of cancer mortality worldwide. Most of these deaths are as a result of NSCLC; however, prognoses for the other two diseases remain as some of the poorest of any cancers. Recent advances in immunotherapy, specifically immune checkpoint inhibitors, have begun to help a small population of patients with advanced lung cancer. People who respond to these immune therapies generally have a durable response and many see dramatic decreases in their disease. However, response to immune therapies remains relatively low. Therefore, intense research is now underway to rationally develop combination therapies to expand the range of patients who will respond to and benefit from immune therapy. One promising approach is with oncolytic viruses. These oncolytic viruses (OVs) have been found to be selective for or have been engineered to preferentially infect and kill cancer cells. In pre-clinical models of different thoracic cancers, it has been found that these viruses can induce immunogenic cell death, increase the number of immune mediators brought into the tumor microenvironment and broaden the neoantigen-specific T cell response. We will review here the literature regarding the application of virotherapy toward augmenting immune responses in thoracic cancers. MDPI 2017-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5423488/ /pubmed/28536345 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010002 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Dash, Alexander S.
Patel, Manish R.
Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title_full Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title_fullStr Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title_full_unstemmed Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title_short Viroimmunotherapy of Thoracic Cancers
title_sort viroimmunotherapy of thoracic cancers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423488/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536345
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010002
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