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Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies

Vaccines have classically been used for disease prevention. Modern clinical vaccines are continuously being developed for both traditional use as well as for new applications. Typically thought of in terms of infectious disease control, vaccination approaches can alternatively be adapted as a cancer...

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Autores principales: Aitken, Amelia Sadie, Roy, Dominic Guy, Bourgeois-Daigneault, Marie-Claude
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536346
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010003
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author Aitken, Amelia Sadie
Roy, Dominic Guy
Bourgeois-Daigneault, Marie-Claude
author_facet Aitken, Amelia Sadie
Roy, Dominic Guy
Bourgeois-Daigneault, Marie-Claude
author_sort Aitken, Amelia Sadie
collection PubMed
description Vaccines have classically been used for disease prevention. Modern clinical vaccines are continuously being developed for both traditional use as well as for new applications. Typically thought of in terms of infectious disease control, vaccination approaches can alternatively be adapted as a cancer therapy. Vaccines targeting cancer antigens can be used to induce anti-tumour immunity and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy both pre-clinically and clinically. Various approaches now exist and further establish the tremendous potential and adaptability of anti-cancer vaccination. Classical strategies include ex vivo-loaded immune cells, RNA- or DNA-based vaccines and tumour cell lysates. Recent oncolytic virus development has resulted in a surge of novel viruses engineered to induce powerful tumour-specific immune responses. In addition to their use as cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses have the added benefit of being directly cytolytic to cancer cells and thus promote antigen recognition within a highly immune-stimulating tumour microenvironment. While oncolytic viruses are perfectly equipped for efficient immunization, this complicates their use upon previous exposure. Indeed, the host’s anti-viral counter-attacks often impair multiple-dosing regimens. In this review we will focus on the use of oncolytic viruses for anti-tumour vaccination. We will explore different strategies as well as ways to circumvent some of their limitations.
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spelling pubmed-54234912017-05-23 Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies Aitken, Amelia Sadie Roy, Dominic Guy Bourgeois-Daigneault, Marie-Claude Biomedicines Review Vaccines have classically been used for disease prevention. Modern clinical vaccines are continuously being developed for both traditional use as well as for new applications. Typically thought of in terms of infectious disease control, vaccination approaches can alternatively be adapted as a cancer therapy. Vaccines targeting cancer antigens can be used to induce anti-tumour immunity and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy both pre-clinically and clinically. Various approaches now exist and further establish the tremendous potential and adaptability of anti-cancer vaccination. Classical strategies include ex vivo-loaded immune cells, RNA- or DNA-based vaccines and tumour cell lysates. Recent oncolytic virus development has resulted in a surge of novel viruses engineered to induce powerful tumour-specific immune responses. In addition to their use as cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses have the added benefit of being directly cytolytic to cancer cells and thus promote antigen recognition within a highly immune-stimulating tumour microenvironment. While oncolytic viruses are perfectly equipped for efficient immunization, this complicates their use upon previous exposure. Indeed, the host’s anti-viral counter-attacks often impair multiple-dosing regimens. In this review we will focus on the use of oncolytic viruses for anti-tumour vaccination. We will explore different strategies as well as ways to circumvent some of their limitations. MDPI 2017-01-04 /pmc/articles/PMC5423491/ /pubmed/28536346 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010003 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Aitken, Amelia Sadie
Roy, Dominic Guy
Bourgeois-Daigneault, Marie-Claude
Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title_full Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title_fullStr Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title_short Taking a Stab at Cancer; Oncolytic Virus-Mediated Anti-Cancer Vaccination Strategies
title_sort taking a stab at cancer; oncolytic virus-mediated anti-cancer vaccination strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5423491/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28536346
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines5010003
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