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Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system that mediate brain homeostasis maintenance. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Numero...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Song, Gyun Jee, Suk, Kyoungho
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00139
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author Song, Gyun Jee
Suk, Kyoungho
author_facet Song, Gyun Jee
Suk, Kyoungho
author_sort Song, Gyun Jee
collection PubMed
description Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system that mediate brain homeostasis maintenance. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies have shown microglial activation phenotypes to be heterogeneous; however, these microglial phenotypes can largely be categorized as being either M1 or M2 type. Although the specific classification of M1 and M2 functionally polarized microglia remains a topic for debate, the use of functional modulators of microglial phenotypes as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has garnered considerable attention. This review discusses M1 and M2 microglial phenotypes and their relevance in neurodegenerative disease models, as described in recent literature. The modulation of microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype may lead to development of future therapeutic and preventive strategies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we focus on recent studies of microglial polarization modulators, with a particular emphasis on the small-molecule compounds and their intracellular target proteins.
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spelling pubmed-54300232017-05-29 Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases Song, Gyun Jee Suk, Kyoungho Front Aging Neurosci Neuroscience Microglia are the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system that mediate brain homeostasis maintenance. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is a hallmark shared by various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis. Numerous studies have shown microglial activation phenotypes to be heterogeneous; however, these microglial phenotypes can largely be categorized as being either M1 or M2 type. Although the specific classification of M1 and M2 functionally polarized microglia remains a topic for debate, the use of functional modulators of microglial phenotypes as potential therapeutic approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases has garnered considerable attention. This review discusses M1 and M2 microglial phenotypes and their relevance in neurodegenerative disease models, as described in recent literature. The modulation of microglial polarization toward the M2 phenotype may lead to development of future therapeutic and preventive strategies for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, we focus on recent studies of microglial polarization modulators, with a particular emphasis on the small-molecule compounds and their intracellular target proteins. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5430023/ /pubmed/28555105 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00139 Text en Copyright © 2017 Song and Suk. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Song, Gyun Jee
Suk, Kyoungho
Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_fullStr Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_full_unstemmed Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_short Pharmacological Modulation of Functional Phenotypes of Microglia in Neurodegenerative Diseases
title_sort pharmacological modulation of functional phenotypes of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430023/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28555105
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2017.00139
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