Continuous daylight in the high-Arctic summer supports high plankton respiration rates compared to those supported in the dark

Plankton respiration rate is a major component of global CO(2) production and is forecasted to increase rapidly in the Arctic with warming. Yet, existing assessments in the Arctic evaluated plankton respiration in the dark. Evidence that plankton respiration may be stimulated in the light is particularly relevant for the high Arctic where plankton communities experience continuous daylight in spring and summer. Here we demonstrate that plankton community respiration evaluated under the continuous daylight conditions present in situ, tends to be higher than that evaluated in the dark. The ratio between community respiration measured in the light (R(light)) and in the dark (R(dark)) increased as the 2/3 power of R(light) so that the R(light):R(dark) ratio increased from an average value of 1.37 at the median R(light) measured here (3.62 µmol O(2) L(−1) d(−1)) to an average value of 17.56 at the highest R(light) measured here (15.8 µmol O(2) L(−1) d(−1)). The role of respiratory processes as a source of CO(2) in the Arctic has, therefore, been underestimated and is far more important than previously believed, particularly in the late spring, with 24 h photoperiods, when community respiration rates are highest.