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Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?

The composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriousl...

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Autores principales: Chanyi, Ryan M, Craven, Laura, Harvey, Brandon, Reid, Gregor, Silverman, Michael J, Burton, Jeremy P
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5431603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28540051
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117708712
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author Chanyi, Ryan M
Craven, Laura
Harvey, Brandon
Reid, Gregor
Silverman, Michael J
Burton, Jeremy P
author_facet Chanyi, Ryan M
Craven, Laura
Harvey, Brandon
Reid, Gregor
Silverman, Michael J
Burton, Jeremy P
author_sort Chanyi, Ryan M
collection PubMed
description The composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, Clostridium difficile infection. In Canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant C. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and their metabolites, from a healthy individual, known as a faecal microbiota transplantation. This influx of bacteria into the gut helps to restore the microbiota to a healthy state, preventing C. difficile from causing further disease. Much of what is known with respect to the microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation comes from animal studies simulating the human disease. Although these models allow researchers to perform studies that would be difficult in humans, they do not always recapitulate the human microbiome. This makes the translation of these results to humans somewhat questionable. The purpose of this review is to analyse these animal models and discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of them in relation to human translation. By understanding some of the limitation of animal models, we will be better able to design and perform experiments of most relevance to human applications.
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spelling pubmed-54316032017-05-24 Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going? Chanyi, Ryan M Craven, Laura Harvey, Brandon Reid, Gregor Silverman, Michael J Burton, Jeremy P SAGE Open Med Review Paper The composition and activity of microorganisms in the gut, the microbiome, is emerging as an important factor to consider with regard to the treatment of many diseases. Dysbiosis of the normal community has been implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes and, most notoriously, Clostridium difficile infection. In Canada, the leading treatment strategy for recalcitrant C. difficile infection is to receive faecal material which by nature is filled with microorganisms and their metabolites, from a healthy individual, known as a faecal microbiota transplantation. This influx of bacteria into the gut helps to restore the microbiota to a healthy state, preventing C. difficile from causing further disease. Much of what is known with respect to the microbiota and faecal microbiota transplantation comes from animal studies simulating the human disease. Although these models allow researchers to perform studies that would be difficult in humans, they do not always recapitulate the human microbiome. This makes the translation of these results to humans somewhat questionable. The purpose of this review is to analyse these animal models and discuss the advantages and the disadvantages of them in relation to human translation. By understanding some of the limitation of animal models, we will be better able to design and perform experiments of most relevance to human applications. SAGE Publications 2017-05-11 /pmc/articles/PMC5431603/ /pubmed/28540051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117708712 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page(https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Review Paper
Chanyi, Ryan M
Craven, Laura
Harvey, Brandon
Reid, Gregor
Silverman, Michael J
Burton, Jeremy P
Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title_full Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title_fullStr Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title_full_unstemmed Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title_short Faecal microbiota transplantation: Where did it start? What have studies taught us? Where is it going?
title_sort faecal microbiota transplantation: where did it start? what have studies taught us? where is it going?
topic Review Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5431603/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28540051
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2050312117708712
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