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Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant
Members of the genus Aeromonas that commonly occur in various aquatic ecosystems are taken into account as vectors spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In our study strains of Aeromonas spp. (n = 104) not susceptible to ampicillin were isolated from municipal sewage of di...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5432545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00863 |
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author | Piotrowska, Marta Przygodzińska, Dominika Matyjewicz, Klaudia Popowska, Magdalena |
author_facet | Piotrowska, Marta Przygodzińska, Dominika Matyjewicz, Klaudia Popowska, Magdalena |
author_sort | Piotrowska, Marta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Members of the genus Aeromonas that commonly occur in various aquatic ecosystems are taken into account as vectors spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In our study strains of Aeromonas spp. (n = 104) not susceptible to ampicillin were isolated from municipal sewage of different levels of purification – raw sewage, activated sludge and treated wastewater. The crucial step of the study was the identification of β-lactamase resistance genes. The identified genes encode β-lactamases from 14 families – bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(MOX), bla(ACC), bla(FOX), bla(GES), bla(PER), bla(V EB), bla(KPC), cphA, imiH, and cepH. There were no significant differences in number of identified ARGs between isolation points. Bla(OXA), bla(FOX) variants and, characteristic for Aeromonas genus, metallo-β-lactamase cphA-related genes were the most commonly identified types of β-lactam resistance determinants. Moreover, we found four extended-spectrum β-lactamases (bla(SHV -11), bla(CTX-M-27), bla(CTX-M-98), and bla(PER-4)) – and seven AmpC (bla(ACC), bla(FOX-2-like), bla(FOX-3), bla(FOX-4-like), bla(FOX-9), bla(FOX-10-like), and bla(FOX-13-like)) types and variants of genes that had never been found among Aeromonas spp. before. Five of the β-lactamases families (bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(FOX), bla(V EB), and cphA) were identified in all three isolation sites, which supports the hypothesis that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hot spots of ARGs dissemination. The obtained ARGs sequences share high identity with previously described β-lactamases, but new variants of those genes have to be considered as well. Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility was performed using disk the diffusion method with 12 different antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines. Over 60% of the strains are unsusceptible to cefepime and chloramphenicol and the majority of the strains have a multidrug resistance phenotype (68%). Finally, analysis of plasmid profiles among the resistant strains showed that 62% of the isolates from all three points of the WWTP carry plasmids of different sizes. Among some of the isolated plasmids bla(FOX-4-like) and bla(GES) genes have been found. To sum up, the results strongly suggest that Aeromonas spp. can be considered as agents of antibiotic resistance dissemination from wastewater to the natural environment. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5432545 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54325452017-05-30 Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant Piotrowska, Marta Przygodzińska, Dominika Matyjewicz, Klaudia Popowska, Magdalena Front Microbiol Microbiology Members of the genus Aeromonas that commonly occur in various aquatic ecosystems are taken into account as vectors spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In our study strains of Aeromonas spp. (n = 104) not susceptible to ampicillin were isolated from municipal sewage of different levels of purification – raw sewage, activated sludge and treated wastewater. The crucial step of the study was the identification of β-lactamase resistance genes. The identified genes encode β-lactamases from 14 families – bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(MOX), bla(ACC), bla(FOX), bla(GES), bla(PER), bla(V EB), bla(KPC), cphA, imiH, and cepH. There were no significant differences in number of identified ARGs between isolation points. Bla(OXA), bla(FOX) variants and, characteristic for Aeromonas genus, metallo-β-lactamase cphA-related genes were the most commonly identified types of β-lactam resistance determinants. Moreover, we found four extended-spectrum β-lactamases (bla(SHV -11), bla(CTX-M-27), bla(CTX-M-98), and bla(PER-4)) – and seven AmpC (bla(ACC), bla(FOX-2-like), bla(FOX-3), bla(FOX-4-like), bla(FOX-9), bla(FOX-10-like), and bla(FOX-13-like)) types and variants of genes that had never been found among Aeromonas spp. before. Five of the β-lactamases families (bla(TEM), bla(OXA), bla(FOX), bla(V EB), and cphA) were identified in all three isolation sites, which supports the hypothesis that wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hot spots of ARGs dissemination. The obtained ARGs sequences share high identity with previously described β-lactamases, but new variants of those genes have to be considered as well. Characterization of antibiotic susceptibility was performed using disk the diffusion method with 12 different antibiotics according to CLSI guidelines. Over 60% of the strains are unsusceptible to cefepime and chloramphenicol and the majority of the strains have a multidrug resistance phenotype (68%). Finally, analysis of plasmid profiles among the resistant strains showed that 62% of the isolates from all three points of the WWTP carry plasmids of different sizes. Among some of the isolated plasmids bla(FOX-4-like) and bla(GES) genes have been found. To sum up, the results strongly suggest that Aeromonas spp. can be considered as agents of antibiotic resistance dissemination from wastewater to the natural environment. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-16 /pmc/articles/PMC5432545/ /pubmed/28559885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00863 Text en Copyright © 2017 Piotrowska, Przygodzińska, Matyjewicz and Popowska. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Piotrowska, Marta Przygodzińska, Dominika Matyjewicz, Klaudia Popowska, Magdalena Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title | Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title_full | Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title_fullStr | Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title_full_unstemmed | Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title_short | Occurrence and Variety of β-Lactamase Genes among Aeromonas spp. Isolated from Urban Wastewater Treatment Plant |
title_sort | occurrence and variety of β-lactamase genes among aeromonas spp. isolated from urban wastewater treatment plant |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5432545/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28559885 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00863 |
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