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Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: The fruits of the family Menispermaceae are drupes, and because the drupe endocarps are morphologically diverse, they are generally used to classify members of this family. There is a lack of detailed knowledge of Menispermaceae endocarps in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, the endocarp...

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Autores principales: Yang, Sheng-Zehn, Chen, Po-Hao
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5432898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28597424
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40529-016-0129-7
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author Yang, Sheng-Zehn
Chen, Po-Hao
author_facet Yang, Sheng-Zehn
Chen, Po-Hao
author_sort Yang, Sheng-Zehn
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The fruits of the family Menispermaceae are drupes, and because the drupe endocarps are morphologically diverse, they are generally used to classify members of this family. There is a lack of detailed knowledge of Menispermaceae endocarps in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, the endocarps of seven genera and 14 species were dissected, and their morphological characters were photographed and described. Furthermore, a key for the 14 species based on the endocarps features, as well as a key of the studied genera, is proposed. RESULTS: The endocarp types comprise a straight shape in Tinospora dentata Diels and a horseshoe shape in the other 13 species. In general, the genus Cyclea bears two dorsal crests with 16 small spines, although there are about 25 spines in Cyclea insularis (Makino) Hatusima. The genus Cocculus has a dorsal convex endocarp with a subannular. In Taiwan, the endocarp of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson has up to 26 transverse ridges, without spines on the crest and might be categorized under the genus Menispermum. Transverse endocarp ridges are found in Stephania cephalantha Hayata and Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, whereas transverse endocarp strips are found in Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers, Stephania longa Lour. and Stephania merrillii Diels. CONCLUSION: We believe that the descriptions and photographs of the endocarp traits of T. dentata, which is endemic to Taiwan, will provide more evidence for further studies on extant and fossil species.
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spelling pubmed-54328982017-05-31 Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan Yang, Sheng-Zehn Chen, Po-Hao Bot Stud Original Article BACKGROUND: The fruits of the family Menispermaceae are drupes, and because the drupe endocarps are morphologically diverse, they are generally used to classify members of this family. There is a lack of detailed knowledge of Menispermaceae endocarps in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, the endocarps of seven genera and 14 species were dissected, and their morphological characters were photographed and described. Furthermore, a key for the 14 species based on the endocarps features, as well as a key of the studied genera, is proposed. RESULTS: The endocarp types comprise a straight shape in Tinospora dentata Diels and a horseshoe shape in the other 13 species. In general, the genus Cyclea bears two dorsal crests with 16 small spines, although there are about 25 spines in Cyclea insularis (Makino) Hatusima. The genus Cocculus has a dorsal convex endocarp with a subannular. In Taiwan, the endocarp of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehder & E. H. Wilson has up to 26 transverse ridges, without spines on the crest and might be categorized under the genus Menispermum. Transverse endocarp ridges are found in Stephania cephalantha Hayata and Stephania tetrandra S. Moore, whereas transverse endocarp strips are found in Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers, Stephania longa Lour. and Stephania merrillii Diels. CONCLUSION: We believe that the descriptions and photographs of the endocarp traits of T. dentata, which is endemic to Taiwan, will provide more evidence for further studies on extant and fossil species. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2016-07-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5432898/ /pubmed/28597424 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40529-016-0129-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2016 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.
spellingShingle Original Article
Yang, Sheng-Zehn
Chen, Po-Hao
Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title_full Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title_fullStr Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title_full_unstemmed Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title_short Endocarps of menispermaceous plants in Taiwan
title_sort endocarps of menispermaceous plants in taiwan
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5432898/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28597424
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40529-016-0129-7
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