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Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy

[Image: see text] Introduction: In the recent decades, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of Helicobacter pylori in the initiation and development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Some potential virulence factors (e.g., urease, CagA, VacA, BabA) are exploited by this microorganis...

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Autores principales: Fahimi, Farnaz, Tohidkia, Mohammad Reza, Fouladi, Mehdi, Aghabeygi, Reza, Samadi, Naser, Omidi, Yadollah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28546954
http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2017.08
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author Fahimi, Farnaz
Tohidkia, Mohammad Reza
Fouladi, Mehdi
Aghabeygi, Reza
Samadi, Naser
Omidi, Yadollah
author_facet Fahimi, Farnaz
Tohidkia, Mohammad Reza
Fouladi, Mehdi
Aghabeygi, Reza
Samadi, Naser
Omidi, Yadollah
author_sort Fahimi, Farnaz
collection PubMed
description [Image: see text] Introduction: In the recent decades, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of Helicobacter pylori in the initiation and development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Some potential virulence factors (e.g., urease, CagA, VacA, BabA) are exploited by this microorganism, facilitating its persistence through evading human defense mechanisms. Among these toxins and enzymes, vacuolating toxin A (VacA) is of a great importance in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. VacA toxin shows different pattern of cytotoxicity through binding to different cell surface receptors in various cells. Methods: To highlight attempts in treatment for H. pylori infection, here, we discussed the VacA potential as a candidate for development of vaccine and targeted immunotherapy. Furthermore, we reviewed the related literature to provide key insights on association of the genetic variants of VacA with the toxicity of the toxin in cells. Results: A number of investigations on the receptor(s) binding of VacA toxin confirmed the pleiotropic nature of VacA that uses a unique mechanism for internalization through some membrane components such as lipid rafts and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Considering the high potency of VacA toxin in the clinical presentations in infection and assisting persistence and colonization of H. pylori, it is considered as one of the pivotal components in production vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Conclusion: It is possible to generate mAbs with a considerable potential to convert into secretory immunoglobulins that could penetrate into the niche of H. pylori and inhibit its normal functionalities. Further, conjugation of H. pylori targeting Ab fragments with the toxic agents or drug delivery systems (DDSs) offers new generation of H. pylori treatments.
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spelling pubmed-54393912017-05-25 Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy Fahimi, Farnaz Tohidkia, Mohammad Reza Fouladi, Mehdi Aghabeygi, Reza Samadi, Naser Omidi, Yadollah Bioimpacts Review [Image: see text] Introduction: In the recent decades, a number of studies have highlighted the importance of Helicobacter pylori in the initiation and development of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. Some potential virulence factors (e.g., urease, CagA, VacA, BabA) are exploited by this microorganism, facilitating its persistence through evading human defense mechanisms. Among these toxins and enzymes, vacuolating toxin A (VacA) is of a great importance in the pathogenesis of H. pylori. VacA toxin shows different pattern of cytotoxicity through binding to different cell surface receptors in various cells. Methods: To highlight attempts in treatment for H. pylori infection, here, we discussed the VacA potential as a candidate for development of vaccine and targeted immunotherapy. Furthermore, we reviewed the related literature to provide key insights on association of the genetic variants of VacA with the toxicity of the toxin in cells. Results: A number of investigations on the receptor(s) binding of VacA toxin confirmed the pleiotropic nature of VacA that uses a unique mechanism for internalization through some membrane components such as lipid rafts and glycophosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins (GPI-AP). Considering the high potency of VacA toxin in the clinical presentations in infection and assisting persistence and colonization of H. pylori, it is considered as one of the pivotal components in production vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Conclusion: It is possible to generate mAbs with a considerable potential to convert into secretory immunoglobulins that could penetrate into the niche of H. pylori and inhibit its normal functionalities. Further, conjugation of H. pylori targeting Ab fragments with the toxic agents or drug delivery systems (DDSs) offers new generation of H. pylori treatments. Tabriz University of Medical Sciences 2017 2017-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5439391/ /pubmed/28546954 http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2017.08 Text en © 2017 The Author(s) This work is published by BioImpacts as an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review
Fahimi, Farnaz
Tohidkia, Mohammad Reza
Fouladi, Mehdi
Aghabeygi, Reza
Samadi, Naser
Omidi, Yadollah
Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title_full Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title_fullStr Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title_full_unstemmed Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title_short Pleiotropic cytotoxicity of VacA toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
title_sort pleiotropic cytotoxicity of vaca toxin in host cells and its impact on immunotherapy
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5439391/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28546954
http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2017.08
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