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Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence measured through Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) questionnaire among tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on tobacco...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5443007/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584536 |
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author | Patel, Vrushali D. Jadhav, Kiran B. Shah, Vandana S. Gupta, Nidhi D. |
author_facet | Patel, Vrushali D. Jadhav, Kiran B. Shah, Vandana S. Gupta, Nidhi D. |
author_sort | Patel, Vrushali D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence measured through Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) questionnaire among tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on tobacco users. Participants with the present habit of tobacco chewing and smoking above the age of 16 years were included in the study. A standard questionnaire form of FTND revised version for smoking and smokeless form of tobacco were given to each participant. Each participant was asked to answer the questions as per their experience of tobacco consumption and calculate the total point score or FTND score. Salivary cotinine level assessment was done using commercial available NicAlert kit. RESULTS: When salivary cotinine level was correlated with different variables of both groups, it was observed that weak correlation between salivary cotinine level and FTND scoring in smokers group (r = 0.083) and also in smokeless group (r = 0.081). When two groups were compared for salivary cotinine level, statistically significant difference (P = 0.021) was observed, with smokeless group showing high level of salivary cotinine level as compared to smokers group. CONCLUSION: Salivary cotinine and psychological dependence through FTND scoring are not strongly correlating with each other. This indicates that dependence over tobacco is a separate phenomenon and cannot be assessed by salivary cotinine level. It is well accepted that salivary cotinine level is influenced by age of individual, duration of habit, and type of tobacco consumption. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5443007 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54430072017-06-05 Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users Patel, Vrushali D. Jadhav, Kiran B. Shah, Vandana S. Gupta, Nidhi D. Dent Res J (Isfahan) Original Article BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence measured through Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) questionnaire among tobacco users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study, conducted on tobacco users. Participants with the present habit of tobacco chewing and smoking above the age of 16 years were included in the study. A standard questionnaire form of FTND revised version for smoking and smokeless form of tobacco were given to each participant. Each participant was asked to answer the questions as per their experience of tobacco consumption and calculate the total point score or FTND score. Salivary cotinine level assessment was done using commercial available NicAlert kit. RESULTS: When salivary cotinine level was correlated with different variables of both groups, it was observed that weak correlation between salivary cotinine level and FTND scoring in smokers group (r = 0.083) and also in smokeless group (r = 0.081). When two groups were compared for salivary cotinine level, statistically significant difference (P = 0.021) was observed, with smokeless group showing high level of salivary cotinine level as compared to smokers group. CONCLUSION: Salivary cotinine and psychological dependence through FTND scoring are not strongly correlating with each other. This indicates that dependence over tobacco is a separate phenomenon and cannot be assessed by salivary cotinine level. It is well accepted that salivary cotinine level is influenced by age of individual, duration of habit, and type of tobacco consumption. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd 2017 /pmc/articles/PMC5443007/ /pubmed/28584536 Text en Copyright: © 2017 Dental Research Journal http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Patel, Vrushali D. Jadhav, Kiran B. Shah, Vandana S. Gupta, Nidhi D. Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title | Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title_full | Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title_fullStr | Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title_short | Comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
title_sort | comparative assessment of salivary cotinine level and psychological dependence among tobacco users |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5443007/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28584536 |
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