λ-Carrageenan improves the antitumor effect of dendritic cellbased vaccine

In this study, we investigated the effect of λ-carrageenan on the maturation and function of dendritic cells (DCs) and its adjuvant effect on DC-based vaccine. We found that λ-carrageenan dose-dependently decreased the endocytosis of DCs, promoted DC maturation and increased cytokine production through TLR4 mediated signaling pathway. λ-carrageenan treatment also enhanced the ability of DCs in the stimulating allogenic splenocyte proliferation. In TC-1 tumor mouse model, HPV peptides pulsed λ-carrageenan-DC (HPV-CGN-DC) significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with control group. The frequencies of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in spleens of tumor mice and their activation status were significantly increased in HPV-CGN-DC group, but the frequencies of natural regulatory T cells and CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells were significantly decreased. Further, HPV-CGN-DC induced strong CD8(+) T cell responses, which are negatively correlated with tumor volumes. The results suggested that λ-carrageenan promoted DC maturation through TLR4 signaling pathway and could be used as the adjuvant in DC-based vaccines.