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Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities
Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures imp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445590/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28649630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0 |
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author | Lang, Thomas Van Loon, Jack J.W.A. Bloomfield, Susan Vico, Laurence Chopard, Angele Rittweger, Joern Kyparos, Antonios Blottner, Dieter Vuori, Ilkka Gerzer, Rupert Cavanagh, Peter R. |
author_facet | Lang, Thomas Van Loon, Jack J.W.A. Bloomfield, Susan Vico, Laurence Chopard, Angele Rittweger, Joern Kyparos, Antonios Blottner, Dieter Vuori, Ilkka Gerzer, Rupert Cavanagh, Peter R. |
author_sort | Lang, Thomas |
collection | PubMed |
description | Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5445590 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54455902017-06-23 Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities Lang, Thomas Van Loon, Jack J.W.A. Bloomfield, Susan Vico, Laurence Chopard, Angele Rittweger, Joern Kyparos, Antonios Blottner, Dieter Vuori, Ilkka Gerzer, Rupert Cavanagh, Peter R. NPJ Microgravity Review Article Without effective countermeasures, the musculoskeletal system is altered by the microgravity environment of long-duration spaceflight, resulting in atrophy of bone and muscle tissue, as well as in deficits in the function of cartilage, tendons, and vertebral disks. While inflight countermeasures implemented on the International Space Station have evidenced reduction of bone and muscle loss on low-Earth orbit missions of several months in length, important knowledge gaps must be addressed in order to develop effective strategies for managing human musculoskeletal health on exploration class missions well beyond Earth orbit. Analog environments, such as bed rest and/or isolation environments, may be employed in conjunction with large sample sizes to understand sex differences in countermeasure effectiveness, as well as interaction of exercise with pharmacologic, nutritional, immune system, sleep and psychological countermeasures. Studies of musculoskeletal biomechanics, involving both human subject and computer simulation studies, are essential to developing strategies to avoid bone fractures or other injuries to connective tissue during exercise and extravehicular activities. Animal models may be employed to understand effects of the space environment that cannot be modeled using human analog studies. These include studies of radiation effects on bone and muscle, unraveling the effects of genetics on bone and muscle loss, and characterizing the process of fracture healing in the mechanically unloaded and immuno-compromised spaceflight environment. In addition to setting the stage for evidence-based management of musculoskeletal health in long-duration space missions, the body of knowledge acquired in the process of addressing this array of scientific problems will lend insight into the understanding of terrestrial health conditions such as age-related osteoporosis and sarcopenia. Nature Publishing Group UK 2017-02-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5445590/ /pubmed/28649630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2017 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Article Lang, Thomas Van Loon, Jack J.W.A. Bloomfield, Susan Vico, Laurence Chopard, Angele Rittweger, Joern Kyparos, Antonios Blottner, Dieter Vuori, Ilkka Gerzer, Rupert Cavanagh, Peter R. Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title | Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title_full | Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title_fullStr | Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title_full_unstemmed | Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title_short | Towards human exploration of space: the THESEUS review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
title_sort | towards human exploration of space: the theseus review series on muscle and bone research priorities |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445590/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28649630 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41526-017-0013-0 |
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