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Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach

Relaxors constitute a large class of ferroelectrics where disorder is introduced by doping with ions of different size and valence, in order to maximize their useful properties in a broad temperature range. Polarization disorder in relaxors is typically studied by dielectric and scattering technique...

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Autores principales: Kholkin, Andrei L, Kiselev, Dmitry A, Bdikin, Igor K, Sternberg, Andris, Dkhil, Brahim, Jesse, Stephen, Ovchinnikov, Oleg, Kalinin, Sergei V
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2010
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28883357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma3114860
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author Kholkin, Andrei L
Kiselev, Dmitry A
Bdikin, Igor K
Sternberg, Andris
Dkhil, Brahim
Jesse, Stephen
Ovchinnikov, Oleg
Kalinin, Sergei V
author_facet Kholkin, Andrei L
Kiselev, Dmitry A
Bdikin, Igor K
Sternberg, Andris
Dkhil, Brahim
Jesse, Stephen
Ovchinnikov, Oleg
Kalinin, Sergei V
author_sort Kholkin, Andrei L
collection PubMed
description Relaxors constitute a large class of ferroelectrics where disorder is introduced by doping with ions of different size and valence, in order to maximize their useful properties in a broad temperature range. Polarization disorder in relaxors is typically studied by dielectric and scattering techniques that do not allow direct mapping of relaxor parameters, such as correlation length or width of the relaxation time spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a novel method based on measurements of local vibrations by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) that detects nanoscale polarization on the relaxor surface. Random polarization patterns are then analyzed via local Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the FFT PFM parameters, such as amplitude, correlation radius and width of the spectrum of spatial correlations, are mapped along with the conventional topography. The results are tested with transparent (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti)O(3) ceramics where local disorder is due to doping with La(3+). The conclusions are made about the distribution of the defects responsible for relaxor behavior and the role of the grain boundaries in the macroscopic response.
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spelling pubmed-54457762017-07-28 Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach Kholkin, Andrei L Kiselev, Dmitry A Bdikin, Igor K Sternberg, Andris Dkhil, Brahim Jesse, Stephen Ovchinnikov, Oleg Kalinin, Sergei V Materials (Basel) Article Relaxors constitute a large class of ferroelectrics where disorder is introduced by doping with ions of different size and valence, in order to maximize their useful properties in a broad temperature range. Polarization disorder in relaxors is typically studied by dielectric and scattering techniques that do not allow direct mapping of relaxor parameters, such as correlation length or width of the relaxation time spectrum. In this paper, we introduce a novel method based on measurements of local vibrations by Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM) that detects nanoscale polarization on the relaxor surface. Random polarization patterns are then analyzed via local Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and the FFT PFM parameters, such as amplitude, correlation radius and width of the spectrum of spatial correlations, are mapped along with the conventional topography. The results are tested with transparent (Pb, La) (Zr, Ti)O(3) ceramics where local disorder is due to doping with La(3+). The conclusions are made about the distribution of the defects responsible for relaxor behavior and the role of the grain boundaries in the macroscopic response. MDPI 2010-10-28 /pmc/articles/PMC5445776/ /pubmed/28883357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma3114860 Text en © 2010 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Kholkin, Andrei L
Kiselev, Dmitry A
Bdikin, Igor K
Sternberg, Andris
Dkhil, Brahim
Jesse, Stephen
Ovchinnikov, Oleg
Kalinin, Sergei V
Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title_full Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title_fullStr Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title_full_unstemmed Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title_short Mapping Disorder in Polycrystalline Relaxors: A Piezoresponse Force Microscopy Approach
title_sort mapping disorder in polycrystalline relaxors: a piezoresponse force microscopy approach
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5445776/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28883357
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma3114860
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