Casual or Causal? Two Unique Cases of Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: A Case Report and Literature Review

Case series Patient: Male, 38 • Male, 30 Final Diagnosis: Hodgkin’s lymphoma Symptoms: Lymphadenopathy • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Oncology OBJECTIVE: Rare disease BACKGROUND: Immunosuppressive diseases and therapies have long been connected to risk of malignancies, especially lymphoma. With some diseases and drugs, the association is well established but the data is mostly anecdotal because of the rarity of the situation. CASE REPORTS: We present 2 rare cases. The first patient had psoriasis, was on etanercept, and developed Hodgkin’s lymphoma. This case is rare because psoriasis and etanercept do not usually cause lymphoma, and if they do, it is predominantly Epstein-Barr virus-positive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The second patient had acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and developed Hodgkin’s lymphoma while on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). This case is rare because AIDS mostly causes Kaposi’s sarcoma or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma due to immunosuppression, but whether it is AIDS or HAART therapy that leads to development of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in these patients is not clear. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppression seems to be the primary culprit leading to lymphomas in these cases. The exact mechanism is still not completely understood.