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Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review
Obesity is associated with numerous chronic ailments and represents one of the major health and economic issues in the modernized societies. Accordingly, there is an obvious need for novel treatment approaches. Recently, based on the reports of reduced appetite and subsequent weight loss following h...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5447736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611686 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00366 |
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author | Debevec, Tadej |
author_facet | Debevec, Tadej |
author_sort | Debevec, Tadej |
collection | PubMed |
description | Obesity is associated with numerous chronic ailments and represents one of the major health and economic issues in the modernized societies. Accordingly, there is an obvious need for novel treatment approaches. Recently, based on the reports of reduced appetite and subsequent weight loss following high-altitude sojourns, exposure to hypoxia has been proposed as a viable weight-reduction strategy. While altitude-related appetite modulation is complex and not entirely clear, hypoxia-induced alterations in hormonal appetite modulation might be among the key underlying mechanisms. The present paper summarizes the up-to-date research on hypoxia/altitude-induced changes in the gut and adipose tissue derived peptides related to appetite regulation. Orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexigenic peptides leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin have to-date been investigated as potential modulators of hypoxia-driven appetite alterations. Current evidence suggests that hypoxia can, especially acutely, lead to decreased appetite, most probably via reduction of acylated ghrelin concentration. Hypoxia-related short and long-term changes in other hormonal markers are more unclear although hypoxia seems to importantly modulate leptin levels, especially following prolonged hypoxic exposures. Limited evidence also suggests that different activity levels during exposures to hypoxia do not additively affect hormonal appetite markers. Although very few studies have been performed in obese/overweight individuals, the available data indicate that hypoxia/altitude exposures do not seem to differentially affect appetite regulation via hormonal pathways in this cohort. Given the lack of experimental data, future well-controlled acute and prolonged studies are warranted to expand our understanding of hypoxia-induced hormonal appetite modulation and its kinetics in health and disease. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5447736 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54477362017-06-13 Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review Debevec, Tadej Front Physiol Physiology Obesity is associated with numerous chronic ailments and represents one of the major health and economic issues in the modernized societies. Accordingly, there is an obvious need for novel treatment approaches. Recently, based on the reports of reduced appetite and subsequent weight loss following high-altitude sojourns, exposure to hypoxia has been proposed as a viable weight-reduction strategy. While altitude-related appetite modulation is complex and not entirely clear, hypoxia-induced alterations in hormonal appetite modulation might be among the key underlying mechanisms. The present paper summarizes the up-to-date research on hypoxia/altitude-induced changes in the gut and adipose tissue derived peptides related to appetite regulation. Orexigenic hormone ghrelin and anorexigenic peptides leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, peptide YY, and cholecystokinin have to-date been investigated as potential modulators of hypoxia-driven appetite alterations. Current evidence suggests that hypoxia can, especially acutely, lead to decreased appetite, most probably via reduction of acylated ghrelin concentration. Hypoxia-related short and long-term changes in other hormonal markers are more unclear although hypoxia seems to importantly modulate leptin levels, especially following prolonged hypoxic exposures. Limited evidence also suggests that different activity levels during exposures to hypoxia do not additively affect hormonal appetite markers. Although very few studies have been performed in obese/overweight individuals, the available data indicate that hypoxia/altitude exposures do not seem to differentially affect appetite regulation via hormonal pathways in this cohort. Given the lack of experimental data, future well-controlled acute and prolonged studies are warranted to expand our understanding of hypoxia-induced hormonal appetite modulation and its kinetics in health and disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2017-05-30 /pmc/articles/PMC5447736/ /pubmed/28611686 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00366 Text en Copyright © 2017 Debevec. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Debevec, Tadej Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title | Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title_full | Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title_fullStr | Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title_full_unstemmed | Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title_short | Hypoxia-Related Hormonal Appetite Modulation in Humans during Rest and Exercise: Mini Review |
title_sort | hypoxia-related hormonal appetite modulation in humans during rest and exercise: mini review |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5447736/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28611686 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2017.00366 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT debevectadej hypoxiarelatedhormonalappetitemodulationinhumansduringrestandexerciseminireview |