Folic Acid-Targeted Etoposide Cubosomes for Theranostic Application of Cancer Cell Imaging and Therapy

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop a novel Poloxamer-based drug delivery system featuring a tumor-targeting folate moiety, which was expected to provide better targeting properties and therapeutic effects compared with the traditional cubosomes (Cubs). MATERIAL/METHODS: Both folate-modified Cubs containing etoposide (ETP-Cubs-FA) and normal cubic nanoparticles loaded with etoposide (ETP-Cubs) were prepared through the fragmentation of bulk gels under the homogenization condition of 1500 bar, and a mean particle size of around 180 nm was obtained with a narrow size distribution. The cubosomes were further characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Polarized light microscopy (PLM). The release of ETP in vitro from these nanoparticles was found to be 82.5% at 36 h, showing a sustained release property compared with the free drug administration. RESULTS: Folate-modified cubosomes exhibited best anti-proliferative activity followed by normal cubosomes and the free drug. A further cell uptake study of Rhodamine B-loaded Cubs-FA (Rh-B-Cubs-FA) showed a marked increase of cellular accumulation compared with free Rh-B and Rh-B-loaded Cubs (Rh-B-Cubs). In vivo Rh-B-based tumor imaging demonstrated that Cubs-FA specifically targeted the tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The folate-modified cubosomes containing ETP may be a promising drug candidate for antitumor treatment.