Cargando…

Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases

Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their abilit...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Olsen, Anne S. B., Færgeman, Nils J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Royal Society 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451547/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566300
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170069
_version_ 1783240205592952832
author Olsen, Anne S. B.
Færgeman, Nils J.
author_facet Olsen, Anne S. B.
Færgeman, Nils J.
author_sort Olsen, Anne S. B.
collection PubMed
description Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdomains in the plasma membrane. The significance of such compartmentalization spans broadly from being involved in differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission to neuronal–glial interactions and myelin stability. Thus, perturbations of the sphingolipid metabolism can lead to rearrangements in the plasma membrane, which has been linked to the development of various neurological diseases. Studying microdomains and their functions has for a long time been synonymous with studying the role of cholesterol. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that microdomains are very heterogeneous, which among others can be ascribed to the vast number of sphingolipids. In this review, we discuss the importance of microdomains with emphasis on sphingolipids in brain development and function as well as how disruption of the sphingolipid metabolism (and hence microdomains) contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-5451547
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2017
publisher The Royal Society
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-54515472017-06-01 Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases Olsen, Anne S. B. Færgeman, Nils J. Open Biol Review Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the nervous system where they are pivotal constituents of the plasma membranes and are important for proper brain development and functions. Sphingolipids are not merely structural elements, but are also recognized as regulators of cellular events by their ability to form microdomains in the plasma membrane. The significance of such compartmentalization spans broadly from being involved in differentiation of neurons and synaptic transmission to neuronal–glial interactions and myelin stability. Thus, perturbations of the sphingolipid metabolism can lead to rearrangements in the plasma membrane, which has been linked to the development of various neurological diseases. Studying microdomains and their functions has for a long time been synonymous with studying the role of cholesterol. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that microdomains are very heterogeneous, which among others can be ascribed to the vast number of sphingolipids. In this review, we discuss the importance of microdomains with emphasis on sphingolipids in brain development and function as well as how disruption of the sphingolipid metabolism (and hence microdomains) contributes to the pathogenesis of several neurological diseases. The Royal Society 2017-05-31 /pmc/articles/PMC5451547/ /pubmed/28566300 http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170069 Text en © 2017 The Authors. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Review
Olsen, Anne S. B.
Færgeman, Nils J.
Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title_full Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title_fullStr Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title_full_unstemmed Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title_short Sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
title_sort sphingolipids: membrane microdomains in brain development, function and neurological diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451547/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28566300
http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.170069
work_keys_str_mv AT olsenannesb sphingolipidsmembranemicrodomainsinbraindevelopmentfunctionandneurologicaldiseases
AT færgemannilsj sphingolipidsmembranemicrodomainsinbraindevelopmentfunctionandneurologicaldiseases