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Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow play a critical role in osteochondral repair. A bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation or during the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. Mobilized pluripotent MSCs from the subc...

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Autores principales: Madry, Henning, Gao, Liang, Eichler, Hermann, Orth, Patrick, Cucchiarini, Magali
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28607559
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1609685
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author Madry, Henning
Gao, Liang
Eichler, Hermann
Orth, Patrick
Cucchiarini, Magali
author_facet Madry, Henning
Gao, Liang
Eichler, Hermann
Orth, Patrick
Cucchiarini, Magali
author_sort Madry, Henning
collection PubMed
description Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow play a critical role in osteochondral repair. A bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation or during the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. Mobilized pluripotent MSCs from the subchondral bone migrate into the defect filled with the clot, differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and form a repair tissue over time. The additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation is thought to enhance cartilage repair as it may provide both an additional cell population capable of chondrogenesis and a source of growth factors stimulating cartilage repair. Moreover, the BMA clot provides a three-dimensional environment, possibly further supporting chondrogenesis and protecting the subchondral bone from structural alterations. The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap in our understanding between the basic science knowledge on MSCs and BMA and the clinical and technical aspects of marrow stimulation-based cartilage repair by examining available data on the role and mechanisms of MSCs and BMA in osteochondral repair. Implications of findings from both translational and clinical studies using BMA concentrate-enhanced marrow stimulation are discussed.
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spelling pubmed-54517782017-06-12 Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects Madry, Henning Gao, Liang Eichler, Hermann Orth, Patrick Cucchiarini, Magali Stem Cells Int Review Article Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from bone marrow play a critical role in osteochondral repair. A bone marrow clot forms within the cartilage defect either as a result of marrow stimulation or during the course of the spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects. Mobilized pluripotent MSCs from the subchondral bone migrate into the defect filled with the clot, differentiate into chondrocytes and osteoblasts, and form a repair tissue over time. The additional application of a bone marrow aspirate (BMA) to the procedure of marrow stimulation is thought to enhance cartilage repair as it may provide both an additional cell population capable of chondrogenesis and a source of growth factors stimulating cartilage repair. Moreover, the BMA clot provides a three-dimensional environment, possibly further supporting chondrogenesis and protecting the subchondral bone from structural alterations. The purpose of this review is to bridge the gap in our understanding between the basic science knowledge on MSCs and BMA and the clinical and technical aspects of marrow stimulation-based cartilage repair by examining available data on the role and mechanisms of MSCs and BMA in osteochondral repair. Implications of findings from both translational and clinical studies using BMA concentrate-enhanced marrow stimulation are discussed. Hindawi 2017 2017-05-14 /pmc/articles/PMC5451778/ /pubmed/28607559 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1609685 Text en Copyright © 2017 Henning Madry et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Review Article
Madry, Henning
Gao, Liang
Eichler, Hermann
Orth, Patrick
Cucchiarini, Magali
Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title_full Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title_fullStr Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title_full_unstemmed Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title_short Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate-Enhanced Marrow Stimulation of Chondral Defects
title_sort bone marrow aspirate concentrate-enhanced marrow stimulation of chondral defects
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451778/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28607559
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1609685
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