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The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery

Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce...

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Autores principales: García-Layana, Alfredo, Ciufo, Gianfranco, Toledo, Estefania, Martínez-González, Miguel A., Corella, Dolores, Fitó, Montse, Estruch, Ramon, Gómez-Gracia, Enrique, Fiol, Miguel, Lapetra, José, Serra-Majem, Lluís, Pintó, Xavier, Portillo, Maria P., Sorli, José V., Bulló, Mónica, Vinyoles, Ernest, Sala-Vila, Aleix, Ros, Emilio, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Arós, Fernando
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28467363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9050453
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author García-Layana, Alfredo
Ciufo, Gianfranco
Toledo, Estefania
Martínez-González, Miguel A.
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montse
Estruch, Ramon
Gómez-Gracia, Enrique
Fiol, Miguel
Lapetra, José
Serra-Majem, Lluís
Pintó, Xavier
Portillo, Maria P.
Sorli, José V.
Bulló, Mónica
Vinyoles, Ernest
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ros, Emilio
Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Arós, Fernando
author_facet García-Layana, Alfredo
Ciufo, Gianfranco
Toledo, Estefania
Martínez-González, Miguel A.
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montse
Estruch, Ramon
Gómez-Gracia, Enrique
Fiol, Miguel
Lapetra, José
Serra-Majem, Lluís
Pintó, Xavier
Portillo, Maria P.
Sorli, José V.
Bulló, Mónica
Vinyoles, Ernest
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ros, Emilio
Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Arós, Fernando
author_sort García-Layana, Alfredo
collection PubMed
description Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of developing cataract. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that an intervention with a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rather than a low-fat diet could decrease the incidence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects. Methods: We included 5802 men and women (age range: 55–80 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea study (multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial) who had not undergone cataract surgery. They were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) a MedDiet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (n = 1998); (2) a MedDiet enriched with nuts (n = 1914), and a control group recommended to follow a low-fat diet (n = 1890). The incidence of cataract surgery was recorded yearly during follow-up clinical evaluations. Primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the nutritional intervention and the incidence of cataract surgery. Results: During a follow-up period of 7.0 years (mean follow-up period: 5.7 years; median: 5.9 years), 559 subjects underwent cataract surgery. Two hundred and six participants from the MedDiet + EVOO group, 174 from the MedDiet + Nuts group, and 179 from the control group underwent cataract surgery. We did not observe a reduction in the incidence of cataract surgery in the MedDiet groups compared to the control group. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.26, p = 0.79) for the control group versus the MedDiet + EVOO group and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.86–1.31, p = 0.58) for the control group versus the MedDiet + Nuts group. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large randomized trial assessing the role of a MedDiet on the incidence of cataract surgery. Our results showed that the incidence of cataract surgery was similar in the MedDiet with EVOO, MedDiet with nuts, and low-fat diet groups. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether a MedDiet could have a preventive role in cataract surgery.
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spelling pubmed-54521832017-06-05 The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery García-Layana, Alfredo Ciufo, Gianfranco Toledo, Estefania Martínez-González, Miguel A. Corella, Dolores Fitó, Montse Estruch, Ramon Gómez-Gracia, Enrique Fiol, Miguel Lapetra, José Serra-Majem, Lluís Pintó, Xavier Portillo, Maria P. Sorli, José V. Bulló, Mónica Vinyoles, Ernest Sala-Vila, Aleix Ros, Emilio Salas-Salvadó, Jordi Arós, Fernando Nutrients Article Background: Cataract is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide, and surgery is the only available treatment. The process that initiates lens opacification is dependent on the oxidative stress experienced by the lens components. A healthy overall dietary pattern, with the potential to reduce oxidative stress, has been suggested as a means to decrease the risk of developing cataract. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis that an intervention with a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) rather than a low-fat diet could decrease the incidence of cataract surgery in elderly subjects. Methods: We included 5802 men and women (age range: 55–80 years) from the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea study (multicenter, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial) who had not undergone cataract surgery. They were randomly assigned to one of three intervention groups: (1) a MedDiet enriched with extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) (n = 1998); (2) a MedDiet enriched with nuts (n = 1914), and a control group recommended to follow a low-fat diet (n = 1890). The incidence of cataract surgery was recorded yearly during follow-up clinical evaluations. Primary analyses were performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Cox regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between the nutritional intervention and the incidence of cataract surgery. Results: During a follow-up period of 7.0 years (mean follow-up period: 5.7 years; median: 5.9 years), 559 subjects underwent cataract surgery. Two hundred and six participants from the MedDiet + EVOO group, 174 from the MedDiet + Nuts group, and 179 from the control group underwent cataract surgery. We did not observe a reduction in the incidence of cataract surgery in the MedDiet groups compared to the control group. The multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.26, p = 0.79) for the control group versus the MedDiet + EVOO group and 1.06 (95% CI: 0.86–1.31, p = 0.58) for the control group versus the MedDiet + Nuts group. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first large randomized trial assessing the role of a MedDiet on the incidence of cataract surgery. Our results showed that the incidence of cataract surgery was similar in the MedDiet with EVOO, MedDiet with nuts, and low-fat diet groups. Further studies are necessary to investigate whether a MedDiet could have a preventive role in cataract surgery. MDPI 2017-05-03 /pmc/articles/PMC5452183/ /pubmed/28467363 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9050453 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
García-Layana, Alfredo
Ciufo, Gianfranco
Toledo, Estefania
Martínez-González, Miguel A.
Corella, Dolores
Fitó, Montse
Estruch, Ramon
Gómez-Gracia, Enrique
Fiol, Miguel
Lapetra, José
Serra-Majem, Lluís
Pintó, Xavier
Portillo, Maria P.
Sorli, José V.
Bulló, Mónica
Vinyoles, Ernest
Sala-Vila, Aleix
Ros, Emilio
Salas-Salvadó, Jordi
Arós, Fernando
The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title_full The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title_fullStr The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title_full_unstemmed The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title_short The Effect of a Mediterranean Diet on the Incidence of Cataract Surgery
title_sort effect of a mediterranean diet on the incidence of cataract surgery
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5452183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28467363
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu9050453
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