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Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease

Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available...

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Autores principales: Obermeier, Juliane, Trefz, Phillip, Happ, Josephine, Schubert, Jochen K., Staude, Hagen, Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane, Miekisch, Wolfram
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28570715
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745
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author Obermeier, Juliane
Trefz, Phillip
Happ, Josephine
Schubert, Jochen K.
Staude, Hagen
Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane
Miekisch, Wolfram
author_facet Obermeier, Juliane
Trefz, Phillip
Happ, Josephine
Schubert, Jochen K.
Staude, Hagen
Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane
Miekisch, Wolfram
author_sort Obermeier, Juliane
collection PubMed
description Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available. 116 pediatric subjects suffering from mild-to-moderate CKD (n = 48) or having a functional renal transplant KTx (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 60) matched for age and sex were investigated. Non-invasive quantitative analysis of exhaled breath profiles by means of a highly sensitive online mass spectrometric technique (PTR-ToF) was used. CKD stage, the underlying renal disease (HUS; glomerular diseases; abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract or polycystic kidney disease) and the presence of a functional renal transplant were considered as classifiers. Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns differed between CKD/ KTx patients and healthy children. Amounts of ammonia, ethanol, isoprene, pentanal and heptanal were higher in patients compared to healthy controls (556, 146, 70.5, 9.3, and 5.4 ppbV vs. 284, 82.4, 49.6, 5.30, and 2.78 ppbV). Methylamine concentrations were lower in the patient group (6.5 vs 10.1 ppbV). These concentration differences were most pronounced in HUS and kidney transplanted patients. When patients were grouped with respect to degree of renal failure these differences could still be detected. Ammonia accumulated already in CKD stage 1, whereas alterations of isoprene (linked to cholesterol metabolism), pentanal and heptanal (linked to oxidative stress) concentrations were detectable in the breath of patients with CKD stage 2 to 4. Only weak associations between serum creatinine and exhaled VOCs were noted. Non-invasive breath testing may help to understand basic mechanisms and metabolic adaptation accompanying progression of CKD. Our results support the current notion that metabolic adaptation occurs early during the time course of CKD.
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spelling pubmed-54535912017-06-12 Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease Obermeier, Juliane Trefz, Phillip Happ, Josephine Schubert, Jochen K. Staude, Hagen Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane Miekisch, Wolfram PLoS One Research Article Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available. 116 pediatric subjects suffering from mild-to-moderate CKD (n = 48) or having a functional renal transplant KTx (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 60) matched for age and sex were investigated. Non-invasive quantitative analysis of exhaled breath profiles by means of a highly sensitive online mass spectrometric technique (PTR-ToF) was used. CKD stage, the underlying renal disease (HUS; glomerular diseases; abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract or polycystic kidney disease) and the presence of a functional renal transplant were considered as classifiers. Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns differed between CKD/ KTx patients and healthy children. Amounts of ammonia, ethanol, isoprene, pentanal and heptanal were higher in patients compared to healthy controls (556, 146, 70.5, 9.3, and 5.4 ppbV vs. 284, 82.4, 49.6, 5.30, and 2.78 ppbV). Methylamine concentrations were lower in the patient group (6.5 vs 10.1 ppbV). These concentration differences were most pronounced in HUS and kidney transplanted patients. When patients were grouped with respect to degree of renal failure these differences could still be detected. Ammonia accumulated already in CKD stage 1, whereas alterations of isoprene (linked to cholesterol metabolism), pentanal and heptanal (linked to oxidative stress) concentrations were detectable in the breath of patients with CKD stage 2 to 4. Only weak associations between serum creatinine and exhaled VOCs were noted. Non-invasive breath testing may help to understand basic mechanisms and metabolic adaptation accompanying progression of CKD. Our results support the current notion that metabolic adaptation occurs early during the time course of CKD. Public Library of Science 2017-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5453591/ /pubmed/28570715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745 Text en © 2017 Obermeier et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Obermeier, Juliane
Trefz, Phillip
Happ, Josephine
Schubert, Jochen K.
Staude, Hagen
Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane
Miekisch, Wolfram
Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title_full Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title_fullStr Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title_full_unstemmed Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title_short Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
title_sort exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453591/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28570715
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745
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