Cargando…
Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease
Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2017
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28570715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745 |
_version_ | 1783240693641117696 |
---|---|
author | Obermeier, Juliane Trefz, Phillip Happ, Josephine Schubert, Jochen K. Staude, Hagen Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane Miekisch, Wolfram |
author_facet | Obermeier, Juliane Trefz, Phillip Happ, Josephine Schubert, Jochen K. Staude, Hagen Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane Miekisch, Wolfram |
author_sort | Obermeier, Juliane |
collection | PubMed |
description | Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available. 116 pediatric subjects suffering from mild-to-moderate CKD (n = 48) or having a functional renal transplant KTx (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 60) matched for age and sex were investigated. Non-invasive quantitative analysis of exhaled breath profiles by means of a highly sensitive online mass spectrometric technique (PTR-ToF) was used. CKD stage, the underlying renal disease (HUS; glomerular diseases; abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract or polycystic kidney disease) and the presence of a functional renal transplant were considered as classifiers. Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns differed between CKD/ KTx patients and healthy children. Amounts of ammonia, ethanol, isoprene, pentanal and heptanal were higher in patients compared to healthy controls (556, 146, 70.5, 9.3, and 5.4 ppbV vs. 284, 82.4, 49.6, 5.30, and 2.78 ppbV). Methylamine concentrations were lower in the patient group (6.5 vs 10.1 ppbV). These concentration differences were most pronounced in HUS and kidney transplanted patients. When patients were grouped with respect to degree of renal failure these differences could still be detected. Ammonia accumulated already in CKD stage 1, whereas alterations of isoprene (linked to cholesterol metabolism), pentanal and heptanal (linked to oxidative stress) concentrations were detectable in the breath of patients with CKD stage 2 to 4. Only weak associations between serum creatinine and exhaled VOCs were noted. Non-invasive breath testing may help to understand basic mechanisms and metabolic adaptation accompanying progression of CKD. Our results support the current notion that metabolic adaptation occurs early during the time course of CKD. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5453591 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54535912017-06-12 Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease Obermeier, Juliane Trefz, Phillip Happ, Josephine Schubert, Jochen K. Staude, Hagen Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane Miekisch, Wolfram PLoS One Research Article Monitoring metabolic adaptation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) early in the time course of the disease is challenging. As a non-invasive technique, analysis of exhaled breath profiles is especially attractive in children. Up to now, no reports on breath profiles in this patient cohort are available. 116 pediatric subjects suffering from mild-to-moderate CKD (n = 48) or having a functional renal transplant KTx (n = 8) and healthy controls (n = 60) matched for age and sex were investigated. Non-invasive quantitative analysis of exhaled breath profiles by means of a highly sensitive online mass spectrometric technique (PTR-ToF) was used. CKD stage, the underlying renal disease (HUS; glomerular diseases; abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract or polycystic kidney disease) and the presence of a functional renal transplant were considered as classifiers. Exhaled volatile organic compound (VOC) patterns differed between CKD/ KTx patients and healthy children. Amounts of ammonia, ethanol, isoprene, pentanal and heptanal were higher in patients compared to healthy controls (556, 146, 70.5, 9.3, and 5.4 ppbV vs. 284, 82.4, 49.6, 5.30, and 2.78 ppbV). Methylamine concentrations were lower in the patient group (6.5 vs 10.1 ppbV). These concentration differences were most pronounced in HUS and kidney transplanted patients. When patients were grouped with respect to degree of renal failure these differences could still be detected. Ammonia accumulated already in CKD stage 1, whereas alterations of isoprene (linked to cholesterol metabolism), pentanal and heptanal (linked to oxidative stress) concentrations were detectable in the breath of patients with CKD stage 2 to 4. Only weak associations between serum creatinine and exhaled VOCs were noted. Non-invasive breath testing may help to understand basic mechanisms and metabolic adaptation accompanying progression of CKD. Our results support the current notion that metabolic adaptation occurs early during the time course of CKD. Public Library of Science 2017-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5453591/ /pubmed/28570715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745 Text en © 2017 Obermeier et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Obermeier, Juliane Trefz, Phillip Happ, Josephine Schubert, Jochen K. Staude, Hagen Fischer, Dagmar-Christiane Miekisch, Wolfram Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title | Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title_full | Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title_fullStr | Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title_full_unstemmed | Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title_short | Exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
title_sort | exhaled volatile substances mirror clinical conditions in pediatric chronic kidney disease |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453591/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28570715 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178745 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT obermeierjuliane exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT trefzphillip exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT happjosephine exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT schubertjochenk exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT staudehagen exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT fischerdagmarchristiane exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease AT miekischwolfram exhaledvolatilesubstancesmirrorclinicalconditionsinpediatricchronickidneydisease |