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Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation
Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor is a member of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family. It binds triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TGRL) but not LDL, because it recognizes apolipoprotein (apo)E only but not apoB. The VLDL receptor functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor in...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Japan Atherosclerosis Society
2017
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428482 http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17004 |
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author | Takahashi, Sadao |
author_facet | Takahashi, Sadao |
author_sort | Takahashi, Sadao |
collection | PubMed |
description | Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor is a member of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family. It binds triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TGRL) but not LDL, because it recognizes apolipoprotein (apo)E only but not apoB. The VLDL receptor functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor in concert with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in heart, muscle, adipose tissue and macrophages. In contrast to the LDL receptor, VLDL receptor binds apo E2/2 VLDL and apoE3/3 VLDL particles, and its expression is not down-regulated by intracellular lipoproteins. It has been reported that both LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and postprandial triglyceride (chyromicron and VLDL remnants) are risk factors for human atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). True ligands such as lipoprotein particles of the VLDL receptor are chyromicron remnant (CMR) and VLDL remnant (postprandial hyperlipidemia). Although the oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-scavenger receptors pathway is considered to be the main mechanism for macrophage foam cell formation, it seems that the TGRL-LPL-VLDL receptor pathway is also involved. Since Lp(a) is one of the ligands for the VLDL receptor, the Lp(a)- VLDL receptor pathway is another potential alternative. The expression of VLDL receptor protein in mouse macrophages is modest compared to that in rabbit and human macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we need to elucidate the mechanism of human ASCVD not by using the mouse model and scavenger receptors pathway but instead using the rabbit model and VLDL receptor pathway, respectively. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5453679 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | Japan Atherosclerosis Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54536792017-06-02 Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation Takahashi, Sadao J Atheroscler Thromb Review Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) receptor is a member of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor family. It binds triglyceride rich lipoprotein (TGRL) but not LDL, because it recognizes apolipoprotein (apo)E only but not apoB. The VLDL receptor functions as a peripheral lipoprotein receptor in concert with lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in heart, muscle, adipose tissue and macrophages. In contrast to the LDL receptor, VLDL receptor binds apo E2/2 VLDL and apoE3/3 VLDL particles, and its expression is not down-regulated by intracellular lipoproteins. It has been reported that both LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and postprandial triglyceride (chyromicron and VLDL remnants) are risk factors for human atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). True ligands such as lipoprotein particles of the VLDL receptor are chyromicron remnant (CMR) and VLDL remnant (postprandial hyperlipidemia). Although the oxidized LDL (oxLDL)-scavenger receptors pathway is considered to be the main mechanism for macrophage foam cell formation, it seems that the TGRL-LPL-VLDL receptor pathway is also involved. Since Lp(a) is one of the ligands for the VLDL receptor, the Lp(a)- VLDL receptor pathway is another potential alternative. The expression of VLDL receptor protein in mouse macrophages is modest compared to that in rabbit and human macrophages, both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we need to elucidate the mechanism of human ASCVD not by using the mouse model and scavenger receptors pathway but instead using the rabbit model and VLDL receptor pathway, respectively. Japan Atherosclerosis Society 2017-06-01 /pmc/articles/PMC5453679/ /pubmed/28428482 http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17004 Text en 2017 Japan Atherosclerosis Society This article is distributed under the terms of the latest version of CC BY-NC-SA defined by the Creative Commons Attribution License.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Takahashi, Sadao Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title | Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title_full | Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title_fullStr | Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title_full_unstemmed | Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title_short | Triglyceride Rich Lipoprotein -LPL-VLDL Receptor and Lp(a)-VLDL Receptor Pathways for Macrophage Foam Cell Formation |
title_sort | triglyceride rich lipoprotein -lpl-vldl receptor and lp(a)-vldl receptor pathways for macrophage foam cell formation |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5453679/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428482 http://dx.doi.org/10.5551/jat.RV17004 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT takahashisadao triglyceriderichlipoproteinlplvldlreceptorandlpavldlreceptorpathwaysformacrophagefoamcellformation |