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Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young individuals worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. After the trauma occurs, immediate neurologic damage is produced by th...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28524074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051082 |
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author | da Silva Meirelles, Lindolfo Simon, Daniel Regner, Andrea |
author_facet | da Silva Meirelles, Lindolfo Simon, Daniel Regner, Andrea |
author_sort | da Silva Meirelles, Lindolfo |
collection | PubMed |
description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young individuals worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. After the trauma occurs, immediate neurologic damage is produced by the traumatic forces; this primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades together with metabolic and cellular changes, called secondary neural injury. In the scenario of the acutely injured brain, the ongoing secondary injury results in ischemia and edema culminating in an uncontrollable increase in intracranial pressure. These areas of secondary injury progression, or areas of “traumatic penumbra”, represent crucial targets for therapeutic interventions. Neurotrophins are a class of signaling molecules that promote survival and/or maintenance of neurons. They also stimulate axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of neurotrophins in the acute post-injury response. Here, we discuss possible endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms of neurotrophins in the prevailing environment surrounding the injured areas, and highlight the crosstalk between neurotrophins and inflammation with focus on neurovascular unit cells, particularly pericytes. The perspective is that neurotrophins may represent promising targets for research on neuroprotective and neurorestorative processes in the short-term following TBI. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5454991 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54549912017-06-08 Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain da Silva Meirelles, Lindolfo Simon, Daniel Regner, Andrea Int J Mol Sci Review Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among young individuals worldwide. Understanding the pathophysiology of neurotrauma is crucial for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. After the trauma occurs, immediate neurologic damage is produced by the traumatic forces; this primary injury triggers a secondary wave of biochemical cascades together with metabolic and cellular changes, called secondary neural injury. In the scenario of the acutely injured brain, the ongoing secondary injury results in ischemia and edema culminating in an uncontrollable increase in intracranial pressure. These areas of secondary injury progression, or areas of “traumatic penumbra”, represent crucial targets for therapeutic interventions. Neurotrophins are a class of signaling molecules that promote survival and/or maintenance of neurons. They also stimulate axonal growth, synaptic plasticity, and neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Therefore, this review focuses on the role of neurotrophins in the acute post-injury response. Here, we discuss possible endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms of neurotrophins in the prevailing environment surrounding the injured areas, and highlight the crosstalk between neurotrophins and inflammation with focus on neurovascular unit cells, particularly pericytes. The perspective is that neurotrophins may represent promising targets for research on neuroprotective and neurorestorative processes in the short-term following TBI. MDPI 2017-05-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5454991/ /pubmed/28524074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051082 Text en © 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review da Silva Meirelles, Lindolfo Simon, Daniel Regner, Andrea Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title | Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title_full | Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title_fullStr | Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title_full_unstemmed | Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title_short | Neurotrauma: The Crosstalk between Neurotrophins and Inflammation in the Acutely Injured Brain |
title_sort | neurotrauma: the crosstalk between neurotrophins and inflammation in the acutely injured brain |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5454991/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28524074 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18051082 |
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