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Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to...

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Autores principales: Wysocki, Bartłomiej, Idaszek, Joanna, Szlązak, Karol, Strzelczyk, Karolina, Brynk, Tomasz, Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J., Święszkowski, Wojciech
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2016
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5456666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28773323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9030197
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author Wysocki, Bartłomiej
Idaszek, Joanna
Szlązak, Karol
Strzelczyk, Karolina
Brynk, Tomasz
Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.
Święszkowski, Wojciech
author_facet Wysocki, Bartłomiej
Idaszek, Joanna
Szlązak, Karol
Strzelczyk, Karolina
Brynk, Tomasz
Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.
Święszkowski, Wojciech
author_sort Wysocki, Bartłomiej
collection PubMed
description Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds’ morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91–151 J/mm(3) was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO(3) acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young’s modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that in vitro cell performance can be controlled to certain extent by varying pore sizes.
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spelling pubmed-54566662017-07-28 Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Wysocki, Bartłomiej Idaszek, Joanna Szlązak, Karol Strzelczyk, Karolina Brynk, Tomasz Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J. Święszkowski, Wojciech Materials (Basel) Article Nowadays, post-surgical or post-accidental bone loss can be substituted by custom-made scaffolds fabricated by additive manufacturing (AM) methods from metallic powders. However, the partially melted powder particles must be removed in a post-process chemical treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the chemical polishing with various acid baths on novel scaffolds’ morphology, porosity and mechanical properties. In the first stage, Magics software (Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium) was used to design a porous scaffolds with pore size equal to (A) 200 µm, (B) 500 µm and (C) 200 + 500 µm, and diamond cell structure. The scaffolds were fabricated from commercially pure titanium powder (CP Ti) using a SLM50 3D printing machine (Realizer GmbH, Borchen, Germany). The selective laser melting (SLM) process was optimized and the laser beam energy density in range of 91–151 J/mm(3) was applied to receive 3D structures with fully dense struts. To remove not fully melted titanium particles the scaffolds were chemically polished using various HF and HF-HNO(3) acid solutions. Based on scaffolds mass loss and scanning electron (SEM) observations, baths which provided most uniform surface cleaning were proposed for each porosity. The pore and strut size after chemical treatments was calculated based on the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and SEM images. The mechanical tests showed that the treated scaffolds had Young’s modulus close to that of compact bone. Additionally, the effect of pore size of chemically polished scaffolds on cell retention, proliferation and differentiation was studied using human mesenchymal stem cells. Small pores yielded higher cell retention within the scaffolds, which then affected their growth. This shows that in vitro cell performance can be controlled to certain extent by varying pore sizes. MDPI 2016-03-15 /pmc/articles/PMC5456666/ /pubmed/28773323 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9030197 Text en © 2016 by the authors; Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wysocki, Bartłomiej
Idaszek, Joanna
Szlązak, Karol
Strzelczyk, Karolina
Brynk, Tomasz
Kurzydłowski, Krzysztof J.
Święszkowski, Wojciech
Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title_full Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title_fullStr Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title_full_unstemmed Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title_short Post Processing and Biological Evaluation of the Titanium Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering
title_sort post processing and biological evaluation of the titanium scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5456666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28773323
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma9030197
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