Crystal Structure Formation of CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3-x)Cl(x) Perovskite

Inorganic-organic hydride perovskites bring the hope for fabricating low-cost and large-scale solar cells. At the beginning of the research, two open questions were raised: the hysteresis effect and the role of chloride. The presence of chloride significantly improves the crystallization and charge transfer property of the perovskite. However, though the long held debate over of the existence of chloride in the perovskite seems to have now come to a conclusion, no prior work has been carried out focusing on the role of chloride on the electronic performance and the crystallization of the perovskite. Furthermore, current reports on the crystal structure of the perovskite are rather confusing. This article analyzes the role of chloride in CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3-x)Cl(x) on the crystal orientation and provides a new explanation about the (110)-oriented growth of CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3) and CH(3)NH(3)PbI(3-x)Cl(x).