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Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a biological phenomenon that involves a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness that could potentially cause some severe chronic diseases. Recently, diet therapy has provided a new alternative to alleviate physical fatigue. In our previous study, addition of Cordyceps...

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Autores principales: Zhong, Lei, Zhao, Liyan, Yang, Fangmei, Yang, Wenjian, Sun, Yong, Hu, Qiuhui
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2017
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5457539/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588427
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0171-1
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author Zhong, Lei
Zhao, Liyan
Yang, Fangmei
Yang, Wenjian
Sun, Yong
Hu, Qiuhui
author_facet Zhong, Lei
Zhao, Liyan
Yang, Fangmei
Yang, Wenjian
Sun, Yong
Hu, Qiuhui
author_sort Zhong, Lei
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a biological phenomenon that involves a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness that could potentially cause some severe chronic diseases. Recently, diet therapy has provided a new alternative to alleviate physical fatigue. In our previous study, addition of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) into an extruded product was shown to provide high nutrition and unique flavors; however, little is known whether this product has some scientific evidence regarding anti-fatigue property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of extruded products of cereal grains (EC) and EC mixed with C. militaris (ECC). METHODS: The mice were divided into seven groups: one group received distilled water (Control group, n = 20), and the other groups received different dosages of EC (5, 10 and 20 g/kg body weight, n = 20 per group) or of ECC (5, 10 and 20 g/kg body weight, n = 20 per group) solution in water. All of the mice were administered with distilled water, EC or ECC continuously for 30 days by gavage and the anti-fatigue activity was evaluated using a weight-loaded swimming test, along with assessments of fatigue-related indicators. The mode of fighting fatigue was investigated by determining changes in exercise endurance and biochemical markers, including exhaustive swimming time, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and hepatic and muscle glycogen levels. RESULTS: EC and ECC prolonged the swimming endurance time of mice compared to the control. The content of BLA at high dose of ECC group (20 g/kg) was significantly lower than that in the negative control group. CK, BUN and MDA levels were significantly reduced by treatment with EC and ECC compared to the negative control, while the low and middle dose of EC had no significant effect on MDA levels. Additionally, only the middle and high dose of EC (10, 20 g/kg) could significantly decrease the BUN level. EC and ECC treatments increased glycogen, LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels. Low and middle dose of EC had no significant effects on muscle glycogen. Moreover, low dose of EC could increase the level of SOD but it was not statistically significant. Compared to the EC treatment groups, ECC demonstrated the efficacy of anti-fatigue potential, particularly at a high dose of ECC, the best performance in relieving fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EC and ECC could prevent exercise-induced fatigue in mice and ECC provided a better effect. In addition, C. militaris in ECC might play a crucial role in the anti-fatigue activity of ECC.
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spelling pubmed-54575392017-06-06 Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice Zhong, Lei Zhao, Liyan Yang, Fangmei Yang, Wenjian Sun, Yong Hu, Qiuhui J Int Soc Sports Nutr Research Article BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a biological phenomenon that involves a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness that could potentially cause some severe chronic diseases. Recently, diet therapy has provided a new alternative to alleviate physical fatigue. In our previous study, addition of Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) into an extruded product was shown to provide high nutrition and unique flavors; however, little is known whether this product has some scientific evidence regarding anti-fatigue property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue effects of extruded products of cereal grains (EC) and EC mixed with C. militaris (ECC). METHODS: The mice were divided into seven groups: one group received distilled water (Control group, n = 20), and the other groups received different dosages of EC (5, 10 and 20 g/kg body weight, n = 20 per group) or of ECC (5, 10 and 20 g/kg body weight, n = 20 per group) solution in water. All of the mice were administered with distilled water, EC or ECC continuously for 30 days by gavage and the anti-fatigue activity was evaluated using a weight-loaded swimming test, along with assessments of fatigue-related indicators. The mode of fighting fatigue was investigated by determining changes in exercise endurance and biochemical markers, including exhaustive swimming time, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), blood lactic acid (BLA), creatine kinase (CK), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and hepatic and muscle glycogen levels. RESULTS: EC and ECC prolonged the swimming endurance time of mice compared to the control. The content of BLA at high dose of ECC group (20 g/kg) was significantly lower than that in the negative control group. CK, BUN and MDA levels were significantly reduced by treatment with EC and ECC compared to the negative control, while the low and middle dose of EC had no significant effect on MDA levels. Additionally, only the middle and high dose of EC (10, 20 g/kg) could significantly decrease the BUN level. EC and ECC treatments increased glycogen, LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px levels. Low and middle dose of EC had no significant effects on muscle glycogen. Moreover, low dose of EC could increase the level of SOD but it was not statistically significant. Compared to the EC treatment groups, ECC demonstrated the efficacy of anti-fatigue potential, particularly at a high dose of ECC, the best performance in relieving fatigue. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that EC and ECC could prevent exercise-induced fatigue in mice and ECC provided a better effect. In addition, C. militaris in ECC might play a crucial role in the anti-fatigue activity of ECC. BioMed Central 2017-06-02 /pmc/articles/PMC5457539/ /pubmed/28588427 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0171-1 Text en © The Author(s). 2017 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhong, Lei
Zhao, Liyan
Yang, Fangmei
Yang, Wenjian
Sun, Yong
Hu, Qiuhui
Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title_full Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title_fullStr Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title_short Evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with Cordyceps militaris on mice
title_sort evaluation of anti-fatigue property of the extruded product of cereal grains mixed with cordyceps militaris on mice
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5457539/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28588427
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0171-1
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