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Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats
Cattle are the main reservoirs for Shiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the only known zoonotic intestinal E. coli pathotype. However, there are other intestinal pathotypes that can cause disease in humans, whose presence has been seldom investigated. Thus, our aim was to identify the effe...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2017
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5458461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28213899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.445 |
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author | Cabal, Adriana Vicente, Joaquin Alvarez, Julio Barasona, Jose Angel Boadella, Mariana Dominguez, Lucas Gortazar, Christian |
author_facet | Cabal, Adriana Vicente, Joaquin Alvarez, Julio Barasona, Jose Angel Boadella, Mariana Dominguez, Lucas Gortazar, Christian |
author_sort | Cabal, Adriana |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cattle are the main reservoirs for Shiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the only known zoonotic intestinal E. coli pathotype. However, there are other intestinal pathotypes that can cause disease in humans, whose presence has been seldom investigated. Thus, our aim was to identify the effects of anthropic pressure and of wild and domestic ungulate abundance on the distribution and diversity of the main human E. coli pathotypes and nine of their representative virulence genes (VGs). We used a quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) for the direct detection and quantification of the genus‐specific gene uidA, nine E. coli VGs (stx1, sxt2, eae, ehxA, aggR, est, elt, bfpA, invA), as well as four genes related to O157:H7 (rfb (O157), fliC(H7)) and O104:H4 (wzx (O104), fliC(H4)) serotypes in animals (feces from deer, cattle, and wild boar) and water samples collected in three areas of Doñana National Park (DNP), Spain. Eight of the nine VGs were detected, being invA, eae, and stx2 followed by stx1, aggR, and ehxA the most abundant ones. In quantitative terms (gene copies per mg of sample), stx1 and stx2 gave the highest values. Significant differences were seen regarding VGs in the three animal species in the three sampled areas. The serotype‐related genes were found in all but one sample types. In general, VGs were more diverse and abundant in the northern part of the Park, where the surface waters are more contaminated by human waste and farms. In the current study, we demonstrated that human influence is more relevant than host species in shaping the E. coli VGs spatial pattern and diversity in DNP. In addition, wildlife could be potential reservoirs for other pathotypes different from STEC, however further isolation steps would be needed to completely characterize those E. coli. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-5458461 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2017 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-54584612017-06-06 Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats Cabal, Adriana Vicente, Joaquin Alvarez, Julio Barasona, Jose Angel Boadella, Mariana Dominguez, Lucas Gortazar, Christian Microbiologyopen Original Research Cattle are the main reservoirs for Shiga‐toxin‐producing Escherichia coli (STEC), the only known zoonotic intestinal E. coli pathotype. However, there are other intestinal pathotypes that can cause disease in humans, whose presence has been seldom investigated. Thus, our aim was to identify the effects of anthropic pressure and of wild and domestic ungulate abundance on the distribution and diversity of the main human E. coli pathotypes and nine of their representative virulence genes (VGs). We used a quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) for the direct detection and quantification of the genus‐specific gene uidA, nine E. coli VGs (stx1, sxt2, eae, ehxA, aggR, est, elt, bfpA, invA), as well as four genes related to O157:H7 (rfb (O157), fliC(H7)) and O104:H4 (wzx (O104), fliC(H4)) serotypes in animals (feces from deer, cattle, and wild boar) and water samples collected in three areas of Doñana National Park (DNP), Spain. Eight of the nine VGs were detected, being invA, eae, and stx2 followed by stx1, aggR, and ehxA the most abundant ones. In quantitative terms (gene copies per mg of sample), stx1 and stx2 gave the highest values. Significant differences were seen regarding VGs in the three animal species in the three sampled areas. The serotype‐related genes were found in all but one sample types. In general, VGs were more diverse and abundant in the northern part of the Park, where the surface waters are more contaminated by human waste and farms. In the current study, we demonstrated that human influence is more relevant than host species in shaping the E. coli VGs spatial pattern and diversity in DNP. In addition, wildlife could be potential reservoirs for other pathotypes different from STEC, however further isolation steps would be needed to completely characterize those E. coli. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2017-02-18 /pmc/articles/PMC5458461/ /pubmed/28213899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.445 Text en © 2017 The Authors. MicrobiologyOpen published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Research Cabal, Adriana Vicente, Joaquin Alvarez, Julio Barasona, Jose Angel Boadella, Mariana Dominguez, Lucas Gortazar, Christian Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title | Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title_full | Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title_fullStr | Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title_full_unstemmed | Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title_short | Human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of Escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
title_sort | human influence and biotic homogenization drive the distribution of escherichia coli virulence genes in natural habitats |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5458461/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28213899 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.445 |
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