Adverse Drug Reactions and their Impact on Quality of Life in Patients on Antipsychotic Therapy at a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi

CONTEXT: Adverse drug reactions (ADR) due to antipsychotic therapy have significant impact on a psychiatric patient's quality of life. Few studies have been conducted in India to monitor adverse drug reactions due to antispsychotics and none has been done to determine their impact on quality of life. AIMS: The present study was conducted to monitor ADRs due to antipsychotics and ascertain the impact of ADRs on quality of life. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This prospective observational study was conducted in the psychiatry outpatients department in New Delhi for 1 year. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 224 patients enrolled were followed up for a period of 3 months. ADRs were monitored using the standard form of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization and causality was determined using the Naranjo algorithm. The WHO Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale was used to study the effect of ADR on the quality of life. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data were entered and analyzed using the statistical software SPSS 17.0. Unpaired t-test was used to compare the quality of life of patients who encountered ADRs and those who did not. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of the total 224 patients, 38 adverse drug events occurred. Adverse drug events were mostly with risperidone (10), followed by olanzapine (8) owing to high usage. Majority of the events were classified as probable (34). The occurrence of adverse drug events decreased the scores on physical and psychological domain scores of WHO-QOL BREF at 3 months compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides information on the existing incidence of ADRs in the setup with an established pharmacovigilance center. The nature of ADRs correlates with the prevalence pattern of usage of atypical antipsychotics. Clinicians need to weigh benefit versus the impact on quality of life while prescribing antipsychotics.